John Henry Quirindongo Arroyo

GENEALOGY

(Holland) 1400 Kiring and Doncker (Curacao) 1650 Kiring Dongo (Puerto Rico) 1780 Quirindongo

Spanish language and Papiamento used by functionally-literates in 99% of PR and 99% of Curacao 1493-1950

Ethnic phenotypic composition of present day PR

THE CASE against SPANISH Quirindongo surname ORIGIN

Considered, evaluated, scrutinized, analyzed and rejected

Spanish prose flowered during the reign of King Alfonso X the Wise of Castile (1252-84), who in addition to being the king and a poet, also found time to write an encyclopedia in Spanish called Las Partidas, which contains laws, chronicles, recipes, and rules for hunting, chess and card games. The printing press was invented by Johann Gutenberg circa 1450. The first Spanish grammar, by Antonio de Nebrija and the first Spanish dictionaries were published during the 15th and 16th centuries a published grammar of “el castellano” appeared in 1492. The language of Castilian Spanish was standardized AFTER 1492.

Surnames in Europe on the other hand came about with roots in the Middle Ages; Spanish surnames have been around since the 12th century. Hispanic surnames can be especially important to genealogists because children are commonly given two surnames, one from each parent. The first surname (1st surname) comes from the father's surname (apellido paterno), and the last surname (2nd surname) is the mother's maiden surname (apellido materno).

The first English dictionary was published in 1604. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries saw the publication of the first Dutch spelling books and dictionaries. It was especially in the 1800s that major advances were made for the standardization of Dutch. Most people in Europe and the New World remained illiterate or functionally literate until recently and most people in the developed world can say in the yr 2000 that they had an illiterate or functionally literate grandparent or great grandparent. Also there are wide degrees of literacy in every country even today.

Pedro QUIRINDONGO, (pronounced KEE reen dongo) a free Mulatto “negro olandes” was born as it appears abt. 1768? In LDS WILL scripted in PR Pedro had a reason for a nickname being the son of a European yDNA White or free Mulatto male slave owner in the barrio of KIRINDONGO Abou and perhaps a humble son of a former Black slave Maria Magdalena. Pedro had a sexual liaison and later married a White woman Sabina DIAS years older than he was. Later Maria Sabina DIAS is of enough means to have an 1818 WILL. Maria Sabina DIAS died “55 yrs old” born 1763 (LDS archive.) Sabina DIAS and Pedro QUIRINDONGO married in 1789 (LDS IGI), in Curacao. Maria was 26 yrs of age; Pedro was 21. He (Pedro) would perhaps have been the ideal person to be referred to as a QUERINDONGO or in Papiamento pidgin KIRINDONGO. In Curacao illiteracy and two or more languages led to Pedro-Pieter and Juan-Jan-Wan and DONCKER-DONGO. Also the very similar false cognate QUERINDONGO in Spanish means a kept man. QUERINDONGO (pronounced KER reen dongo) means a kept-man “gigolo” or MALE “secret or illicit lover” and dates prior to the 1400s. COLLINS dictionary Querindongo. The word QUERINDONGO was used as a deprecating word with full knowledge of skirting the Catholic religion’s teachings.

The root verb “querer” (pronounced kerer) means to want, love or desire in Spanish. It is also important to stress that the word was usually used to describe a POOR covert lover (a kept man) of a rich married woman who may have one (1) or more than one (1) QUERINDONGO.

Gender antonym (fem.) QUERINDONGA: “gigolette” Atributivo despectivo usado para denominar a la amante. (English) contemptuous or despicable term for a female lover edit find “quer” www.iespana.es/paseovirtual/medievo/vocabulario.htm edit find “querin”

Similar in meaning CORTEJA (courtesan) was and still is a woman kept by a man and in a sense following a more secular or Islamic tradition within accepted Middle-Age Catholic religious customs of looking the other way when it came to rich people.

ANA CORTEJA Family Marriage: 25 FEB 1659

San Ildefonso, Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain

QUERENDON (pronounced kerendon) and QUERENDONA Fig., Slang. “loved or favorite one.” (This would be the “teacher’s pet”—just an example, of course, it means any favorite, usually unofficially favorite) Slang. “beloved or secret lover.” (in Spanish, amante—literally means “lover” but in Latin America it almost always means lover as opposed to spouse Lat. Am. Very emotive, loving or caring.

Ralph de QUERENDON in England.

There WAS curiously a QUERENDON - (no name or surname?) Male Event(s): Birth: abt. 1390 London, England LDS family search movie title QUERENDON biografia-de-un-querendon

QUERINDONGO, QUERENDON, QUERINDONGA, QUERENDONA and CORTEJA were words used by the rich and powerful in Spain in the Middle-Ages and used more now in literature and Press. This European custom includes financially supporting the secret lover. Querindongo, although archaic Middle-Age Old Spanish, is still used today in:

EL DIA newspaper in Tenerife Canary Islands.“Querindongo” se dice cuando se habla de una persona querida pero no reconocida. Atentamente, Francisco Jesús Gómez Mesa---EL DIA Tenerife

The language of Castilian Spanish was standardized after 1492

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HYPOTHETICALS

QUERINDONGO... possible corruption from spoken Spanish Papiamento (PIDGIN) to Dutch Papiamento to describe the village now called KIRINDONGO (1499-1634.) “Abou” is Dutch Papiamento and suggests a male Spanish influence as the adjective “abajo” is Spanish for LOWLAND or VALLEY. The neighborhood now called KIRINDONGO ABOU was changed to a surname in Dutch Papiamento to KIRING DONGO (1758) because of the similar phonetic homonym or true cognate QUIRIJN DONCKER (both Dutch surnames) or KIRING (German surname) DONCKER. Influenced by the written Dutch Papiamento both the neighborhood KIRINDONGO ABOU and, the surname KIRING DONGO finally changed in written Dutch Papiamento to KIRINDONGO.

...or was it a nickname of QUERINDONGO (secret lover-masculine) given or requested to a Black “neger” slave in the pidgin Papiamento vernacular? If so then this male nickname seems to be given or requested to the female counterpart as a surname KIRING DONGO at her request. Thus a newly freed woman Black NEGERIN (Fem. slaves Maria Magdalena with child Andrea Genia) gets a patronymic and/or toponymic surname KIRING DONGO in 1758 over 100 yrs BEFORE abolition.

Querindongo in Spanish is male and one word and is unusual in that it is never given to describe a rich man.

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False Cognate Anomaly in Mexico = CHIRINDONGO (pronounced cheerindongo) “jefe de jefes” best of the best band and poem

Singing group CHIRINDONGO record

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QUIRINDONGO, Santo Cañandongo and San Pirindongo in annual festival Santiago Apostal in Loiza PR. imaginario.org.ar/baultematico/s/santiago.htm

www.prfrogui.com/home/loizacar.htm (with music)

[New Window]

... FLAMINIA: ¡San Culendrón el mártir, Santa Catana virgen, San Pirindongo apóstol! ... Al verle el pirindongo mire cómo me pongo! ...

http://www.elateje.com/0203/teatro%20020301.htm

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Catalogo de Extranjeros Residentes en Puerto Rico en el Siglo XIX, Ediciones de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, 1962 by Dra. Estela Cifre de Loubriel

Spaniards and Canary Islanders who are said to hold the last remnants of the cro-magnon and who are not the focus of my search are conspicuously missing here and also missing in the ESTRANJEROS EN PR although they were also “estranjeros” but as Spanish citizens were also eligible for the Real Cedula de Gracias and had carte blanche to move freely within PR and the Spanish Colonial Empire. They generated a written record which is kept in texts somewhere in PR, Curacao or in Seville Spain ARCHIVOS de INDIAS.

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I believe, in spite of the strong false cognate evidence above that:

1.) KIRINDONGO is originally from Curacao since there is no QUIRINDONGO, QUERINDONGO, QUERENDON, QUERINDONGA, or QUERENDONA surname in Spain, or Hispanic former colonies and

2.) The surname KIRINDONGO has so many various spelling variations in Papiamento in CURACAO further shows it originated there in Curacao BEFORE the spelling was standardized and

3.) KIRING means either “fresh water oasis” in Caiquetio “KIRING” or “KRING” in Dutch and that DONGO is the Dutch surname DONCKER in Papiamento and

4.) The surname KIRING DONGO in Papiamento came after the place-names KIRING DONGO and WANDONGO from the locality (barrio) and Governor (Juan) Jan DONCKER circa 1634-1679 in the Dutch era and.

5.) One hundred twenty-four (124) yrs or six (6) generations 1634-1758 into the Dutch era a slave Maria Magdalena was given or requested the manumitted surname in Papiamento KIRING DONGO; and

6.) The surname changed slightly from Papiamento KIRING DONGO to KIRINDONGO phonetically before? after? 1800 in spelling? in Curacao and in PR in 1780 in spelling to QUIRINDONGO – similar to a phonetic false cognate QUERINDONGO archaic Spanish in origin. There are no QUERINDONGO families worldwide and

7.) QUIRINDONGO as a surname is out of step with Spanish grammar and culture worldwide and

8) There are no QUIRINDONGO families worldwide in Asia, Africa and Europe except for Curacao (where it originated) The surname QUIRINDONGO written in Spanish was introduced to PR in 1780 and America circa 1900-1920 including Hawaii and to Holland circa 1950.

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Papiamento as a pidgin Spanish language for ALL seasons in Curacao invented by Jews

Because of the lower educational level of the government and absence of schooling over three (3) centuries in Curacao, the same bastardization of language from Spanish to pidgin by illiterate people occurred in Curacao as it happened with English in Jamaica only more so. The added introduction of a distinct lettering of old Dutch to the Spanish pidgin vernacular quickly destroyed the written Spanish root in 1634 in only one sense (the written Papiamento form) and gave the impression of a new different dialect or language when seen in print by the intelligentsia of Curacao. While Papiamento has always stayed akin to Spanish phonetically, a new Germanic script Dutch element had been introduced. The Curacao intelligentsia minority was unable and unwilling to change the vernacular of Papiamento. The vernacular Papiamento was used by Jews and a majority illiterate Black population. The ”hoi poloi” common people promoted unopposed ethnocentrically a pseudo African element to explain the un-Spanish look of the Dutch Papiamento script. This is similar to “old Spanish” of the Sephardic Jews in the Middle East and America if we leave out the Race and illiteracy issue who only know and use the phonetic old- Spanish 1500s vernacular of their parents and promote a pseudo Hebraic element versus the current standardized Spanish of Spain.

It also explains why the myriad of 1,000 dialects and languages in the sub-Sahara Africa because of remoteness, primitive culture, the lack for eons of schooling, literacy and standardization was unable to contribute to European Papiamento significantly.

We can see as well that the recent forced introduction of unstandardized Papiamento unopposed ethnocentrically in public schools in 1996 has hurt the general public higher education of Curacao when we point out the added difficulty of learning yet other European languages or the attractive lure of going abroad to get professional higher education in Dutch and English or for that matter Spanish and be in a better position to research advanced scientific writings.

Since there was no African or Amerindian script, the only History we can garner is from the Spanish script in PR and later Curacao Dutch script records which may contain biased inaccuracies.

History of Papiamento starts circa 1450

Before 1500 the Sephardic Portuguese Jews first used European Papiamento in the Slave trade in Africa

sub-Sahara Africa Slaves arrived in the New World after 1500 with no standard language

sub-Sahara Africa Slaves contribute to music with Guene pidgin now extinct and Papiamento

1500 to present the Sephardic Jews continued using European Papiamento

Before 1600 the Sephardic Portuguese-Spanish Jews used European Papiamento in Brazil and the Caribbean

Before 1700 the Sephardic and Ashkenazy Jews made Curacao its headquarters

sub-Sahara Africa Slaves contribution to Papiamento vernacular is meager to non-existent

The oldest document written in Papiamento is a letter from 1775, a message between two members of a Jewish merchant family. In 1802 the British Governor Hughes in a report mentioned the language abroad for the first time. In the 19th century (after over four (4) hundred yrs) Papiamento was finally recognized. The first Papiamento-Dutch dictionary (van Ewijk) a small large type very limited vocabulary and few pages hard cover pocketbook appeared in 1875. It seemed to be useful as a learning to read children’s book

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1785 - 1816 Mass exodus of (free) people (with money) from Curacao due to Slave Revolt, Politics, Economic downturn, Disease and weather. ---- “Chaos” Pg 277 and “Emigration Pg 301 Emmanuel and Emmanuel JEWS OF THE NETHERLANDS ANTILLES” CaribSeek Books | Economic Stagnation and Decline | Roots of our Future by Linda M. Rupert

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KIRINDONGO not listed in LDS IGI

A search produces no KIRINDONGO but hundreds of QUIRINDONGO proving

1.) QUIRINDONGO became literate before KIRINDONGO

2.) QUIRINDONGO surname existed in script before KIRINDONGO surname

3.) KIRING DONGO circa 1758 split surname predates ALL variations in script

4.) KIRING is Papiamento for unrecognized Amerindian word perhaps meaning “oasis”

5.) KIRING may be the Dutch surname KRING or the German surname KIRING

6.) DONGO is Papiamento for the Dutch DONCKER

7.) that there are 40 DONCKER archived in the Netherlands Antilles 1650-1850

8.) QUIRINDONGO was born in PR 1780 but originated in Curacao

9.) KIRINDONGO area and surname circa 1800 is peculiar only to Curacao

KRING is the Dutch word for “ring” but it seems to be a false cognate altho’ my Aunt Mercedes told me various times that the KIRING was “Dutch for KRING ” My Uncle Cheo changed his name to KRINGDON and said it is much closer to the “original Dutch.” Both now deceased may have meant Dutch Papiamento and therefore truthful. Also “Kring” is difficult to say in Spanish or pidgin Papiamento.

No other variations of KIRINDONGO found originating from any other area but Curacao.

DONGO is more logically the Dutch DONCKER if the PHONETICS of Papiamento are considered. Also the first part of the split-surname “kiring” mitigates against KIRING being Spanish and shows the surname-word KIRING being more Amerindian for FRESH WATER or OASIS or Quirijn (A Dutch name) and DONGO Dutch Papiamento pidgin for DONCKER in Dutch Papiamento spelling structure. Dutch Papiamento scribe error? Perhaps…. If Spanish it should have been Querindongo (Kerindongo phonetically) altho’ KIRINDONGO phonetically poses no Spanish diction problem. No previous Spanish or Dutch scribe writings of QUIRINDONGO before KIRING DONGO have ever been found in any Spanish form anywhere worldwide even tho’ a Black slave’s surname would stand out because most (99.9%) free Blacks on the manumitted slave register usually had NO SURNAME in Curacao. It would take more than another hundred (100) yrs or five (5) generations later in Curacao and the NEW WORLD for Blacks to adapt as a rule European surnames.

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BLACK SOCIETY AFTER EMANCIPATION

“the white or Native American majority over time blurred considerably the obvious ethnic distinctions. In Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, the black sector constituted less than 1 percent of the population. In Central America, coastal Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, and the Caribbean, the black concentration ranged from 2 percent (Honduras) to 99 percent (Haiti). People of mixed African, European, and Native American ancestry, however, had “ceased to be counted as black." This was directly counter to the racist racial purist ONE DROP RULE later taken on by the USA previous to 1776.

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The Papiamento surname BARIEDONGO BARRIO DONCKER? (claims father changed surname from KIRINDONGO) appears in Curacao and Venezuela. There are no Bariedongo in present day Curacao.

Yet other dialects in nearby Suriname - Sranantongo carib aukan Samaraccan Saranami hindoestani

QUILILONGO false cognate found in Chile, Spain, Netherlands and here and here.

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Maria Magdalena and ONLY Maria Magdalena who requested surname KIRING DONGO appears in the freed from bond slave register in 1758, one hundred five (105) yrs prior to abolition. Not one other KIRINDONGO in any spelling variation appears in the freed from bond slave register altho’ free Black women KIRINDONGO buy real estate and an insurrection occurs in Curacao 1816-21 fifty eight (58) yrs, three (3) generations AFTER Maria Magdalena’s manumission - and forty two (42) yrs, two (2) generations before abolition. QUIRINDONGO was a PR Spanish spelling innovation in 1780 - twenty two (22) yrs one (1) generation after Maria Magdalena was manumitted. Had Black Pedro KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO not gone to PR in 1780, the surname QUIRINDONGO would have followed the same syndrome as KWIDAMA and not have survived spelled in Spanish.

Other ideas:

(1) it was an Amerindian village place-name in Curacao when the Spanish had held “Curazao” since 1499 for one hundred twenty three (1634-1499=123) yrs six (6) generations, and

(2) two hundred fifty seven (1758-1499=257) yrs thirteen (13) generations of a Spanish language immediate area and a mild but controlling Dutch but heavily Sephardic Spanish-Portuguese Papiamento vernacular presence and

(3) the appearance of KIRING DONGO so early in 1758, two hundred five (1970-1758=212) years - ten (10) generations BEFORE African surnames appeared in the New World circa 1970 begs the four (4) questions:

1.) Is the pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO a Caiquetio Amerindian village place-name word plus a European Dutch surname DONCKER…?… or

2.) Is the pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO a European Dutch surname KRING or the European German surname KIRING plus a European Dutch surname DONCKER…?… or

3.) “Is the pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO a corrupted European French surname QUIRIN plus a European Dutch surname DONCKER…?… or

4.) Is the pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO two (2) Dutch European surnames QUIRIJN plus a European Dutch surname DONCKER corrupted into written Dutch Papiamento in 1758?

Only the absence of a hard “g” mitigates against the latter (2) theories.

Because piped water was of dubious quality, the town water vendor remained an important part of daily life until well into the twentieth century. An artifact of a branding iron “KD” could have been for a fleet of water toting donkeys.

Kirindongo may have been the word loudly used by the women selling a better brand of water from the wells of the town of Kirindongo as the water carrying donkeys traveled the streets of Willemstad.

KIRING DONGO BRANDING IRON shown by NAAM in Curacao?

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ALL SLAVES MANUMITTED BY Nathaniel Ellis note: many lack surnames

The fact that Sub-Sahara Africa Blacks had taken on surnames (not their master’s surname) in Europe, Peru and Mexico before 1600 shows that a system was in place very early in these countries for Sub-Sahara Africa Blacks and others to gain their freedom.

Curacao also had a system of Slaves buying out from their master’s bondage before abolition but not for surnames as early as 1700 - one hundred fifty (150) yrs prior to abolition as the Curacao's pre-abolition manumission register shows. The West Indies and especially Curacao in particular did not have a system for adding an independent surname describing their Race nor their African heritage.

This means that in Europe, Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay where Blacks were less than one (1%) of the population surnames were required from first and second generation illiterate Blacks who remembered Africa in the various European and New World countries circa 1550 three hundred (300) yrs before abolition unlike Curacao where Blacks were more than four hundred (400%) of the population. In 1789 the population of the Whites in Curacao peaked at circa four thousand (3,964) and the Black population peaked at over sixteen thousand (16,580). Source: Hartog (1968), p. 222

In Curacao before abolition there seems to be the custom of manumitted Blacks taking on no surnames and of the few that chose surnames they are in either European Dutch, Jewish, Portuguese, Spanish or perhaps also in indigenous Amerindian Caiquetio place-names all in Papiamento. i.e. CURAZAO ARUBA therefore all migrants from Curacao to PR may have been from the KIRINDONGO town and not surnamed at first in Curacao before entering PR and for this reason did not have the Dutch origin of KIRING DONGO in their oral history.

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Aruba’s ethnology is eighty (80%) White-Amerindian

GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $28,000

Unemployment rate: 0.6% (2003 est.)

Curacao’s ethnology is (80%) Mulatto and Black

GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity $11,500.

Unemployment rate: 12.8% (1997 est.).

Altho' all QUIRINDONGO from Curacao are included and listed here, we must stress that they did not obtain their surname from the same place or procedure.

1) Some were given the surname when freed in abolition 1863 in Curacao

2) Some acquired the surname thru' marriage

3) Some can say they can trace their lineage with no documentation to before Maria Magdalena 1758 in Curacao

4) Some have the oral history of QUIRINDONGO being a combination of two (2) Dutch surnames

5) Others say that Quirindongo is the combination of a place-name (Amerindian) and the surname Doncker

In any case there is no unifying family origin uncovered so far except for the Quirindongo of El Rucio in Peñuelas PR which I can trace back to Alejandro circa 1840 and perhaps to before 1794 with Juan Pedro of Curacao. The surname origin comes from the Papiamento place-name KIRINDONGO in Curacao during or before Governor Jan DONCKER circa 1650. The ethnicity of the split surname KIRING DONGO and place-name KIRINDONGO seems to be Dutch spelled in Papiamento. QUIRINDONGO is the PR 1780 Spanish spelling innovation.

A common mistake by PRs is to classify Race phenotypically by hair texture and general facial features solely and disregard brown skin color. PRs as a group are a very racially mixed people and phenotype may sometimes hide a recessive ancestral genotype that can be discovered not only by genotypic examination but also by logical phenotypic observation and extended family somatic scrutiny. Also all documents asserting the Race “Indio” is suspect that it is a mixture of Black and Amerindian while the documents asserting “Blanco” is a mixture of White and Amerindian as my genotype and most genotypes of PR confirm.

Quirindongo and variations now living in Holland

Quirindongo in Curacao

Spurious Spanish genealogical theories.

Multi-Ethnicity in PR

Spain’s decline AFTER 1630 Spain's poverty in the 1930s
Spanish-Dutch-Portuguese dictionary
Curacao directory
Translations from many language into English

Books about PUERTO RICO

Books on PR from rootsweb
My personal conclusions in old age

1. TO TOP OF PAGE…

2. THE CASE FOR INDIGENOUS CURACAO ORIGIN…

3. THE CASE FOR DUTCH ORIGIN…

4. THE CASE AGAINST AFRICAN ORIGIN (whole or in part)…

Any combination of all 4 origins of KIRINDONGO in Spanish, Indigenous Amerindian, Dutch. (or African ?)