\John Henry QUIRINDONGO Arroyo
GENEALOGY
(Holland) 1400 Kiring and Doncker (Curacao) 1650 Kiring Dongo (Puerto Rico) 1780 Quirindongo
Spanish
language and
Papiamento used by functionally-literates
in 99%
of PR and 99% of Curacao 1493-1950
Ethnic phenotypic
composition of present day PR
THE CASE AGAINST sub Sahara AFRICAN Quirindongo
surname ORIGIN
(whole or in part)
DNA free video by mail or download audio and video
Altho’ the Canary
Islands are said to hold the last remnants of isolated indigenous Caucasoid
blond Cro-Magnon
Berbers, they are now culturally
Spanish and have an
overwhelming 99% White
population. Today there exists some Black merchants hawking Africa mainland
products but they are few. The Canary Islands are geographically
part of the African continent near the western part of Africa’s Sahara
desert 60 miles from southern Morocco
and northern Western Sahara.
No variation of QUIRINDONGO exists or can be found to have existed there, in
Spain or any of Spain’s mainland African
colonies at any time whether split surname or whole in any form or
variation during or before the 1500-1600s-1700s-1800s.
Literacy and the printing press
Spanish prose flowered during the reign of King Alfonso X the Wise of
Castile (1252-84), who in addition to being the king and a poet, also found
time to write an encyclopaedia in Spanish called Las siete Partidas, which contains
laws, chronicles, recipes, and rules for hunting, chess and card games.The printing press
was invented by Johann Gutenberg circa
1450. The first Spanish grammar, by Antonio de Nebrija and the first Spanish dictionaries
were published during the 15th and 16th centuries A published grammar of “el castellano” appeared in 1492. The language
of Castilian Spanish was standardized AFTER 1492. The first English dictionary was
published in 1604. The
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries saw the publication of the first Dutch
spelling books and dictionaries. It was especially in the 1800s that major
advances were made for the standardisation of Dutch. Most people in Europe and
the New World remained illiterate or functionally literate
until recently and most people in the developed world can say in the yr 2000
that they had an illiterate or functionally literate grandparent or great
grandparent. Also there are wide degrees of
literacy in every country even today.
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“The book El
Elemento Afronegroide en el Español de Puerto Rico by Manuel
Alvarez Nazario infers the name (or combined surname) Quirindongo would
have been of partial African lineage if we follow the Manuel Alvarez Nazario
logic.” Says Jorge L. Chinea, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of History Wayne State
University Center for Chicano-Boricua Studies 656 West Kirby, Rm. 3325 FAB
Detroit, MI 48202 fax: (313) 993-4073 phone: (313) 577-4378 email: jchinea@wayne.edu aa1941@wayne.edu
I spoke to Professor
Chinea a NeoRican whose surname
originated
in the Canary
Islands and
told him that I can trace my surname with documents to BEFORE 1758 in Curacao
and that sub-Sahara African surnames did not come into being according to the
BRITANNICA and my research until the 1930s in sub-Sahara Africa. Admittedly the
surname KIRINDONGO does to most people sound and look sub Sahara African in
Latin script but many others worldwide do also. We must also factor in that the
sub Sahara has never had world recognizable script so the “look” in Latin
script and exotic “sound” of a sub Sahara surname is new perhaps as early as
the 1930s with the TARZAN movies and the pseudo word UMGAWA where
we can extrapolate
from the earlier 16th century sub Sahara written in Portuguese Latin
script false/true cognate word of the kingdom of Ndongo. .
If a New World town in Curacao were
named with a Sub-Sahara name there would necessarily be an important and
unusual historical epic event surrounding the origin of the town name. Tula and Carpata
who were the two most famous sub Sahara names connected with the most violent
slave revolt of Curacao in 1795 yet nothing of the event survived as Black New
World names, surnames or as place names. Sub-Sahara African surnames from
Africa came very late in the 1950s with sub Sahara immigrants to the New World
and with voluntary surname changes in some parts of the New World. No
sub-Sahara African names, surnames or place-names were bestowed on places or
people in the New World until AFTER Martin
Luther King in 1968. Very few sub
Sahara Africa surnames exist today in the Americas or Europe (Lumumba University
as a place-name comes to mind AFTER 1961) and much fewer
in the West Indies. Voluntary
migration from sub-Sahara Africa after
abolition and sub-Sahara Africa immigration and surnames in the New World
have been very sparse until 1968 and continued to be sparse
until after 1980.
Improvised articles by the NAAM Museum in Curacao exaggerate the sub-Sahara Africa Black cultural experience and surname presence
as well as the sub-Sahara Africa language/dialect occurrence in written and
spoken Spanish for five hundred (500) yrs in the new World and especially in
the European vernacular of Papiamento in and of Curacao. The Black Conquistador
legends have also been grossly overstated. For instance recent “off the cuff”
books of the historical past of the 1500-1800 era show a shady, suspicious and
obscure Juan Garrido
(Spanish surname) who came to light published in 1990 in an article and book
with a heavy cloud of fantasy by Ricardo Alegría of PR who
illogically seems to cover a large area of the New World unheralded for four
hundred fifty (450) yrs traveling with known explorers. This is strangely
similar to Estevanico
who is more believable and is cited by
many people very early had no surname
and was called a MOOR.
Arab name-surnames for instance do
exist as in high profile Muhammed Ali formerly known as
Cassius Clay in 1964 and Amiri Baraka
poet and playwright formerly known as LeRoi Jones in 1967 but usually this is the product of an Arab
name-change custom dating from 1933
of the Black
Muslims Few home born American Blacks have changed their English surnames
to sub-Sahara Africa surnames; they have been few in number i.e. Frizzell
"Pee Wee" Gray became Kweisi
Mfume pronounced Kwah-EE-see Oom-FOO-may circa 1985.
In the Caribbean and Brazil just by
the sheer numbers of sub-Sahara Africa Black Slaves brought to the New World,
the prevailing ethnicity and phenotype was changed to Black in some countries. Aruba’s
ethnology is eighty (80%) White-Amerindian while Curacao’s ethnology is (80%)
Mulatto and Black. That is not to say there was no sub-Sahara Africa cultural
influence but that the ethnic cultural impact was minimal especially in regards
to language, family oral history including
the meager varieties of food from sub Sahara Africa.
Fufú, yams,
black-eyed
peas and gumbo sub-Sahara Africa popular food staples met with very little
acceptance worldwide while (1) the tomato, in
Italy (2) the potato,
in Ireland
and Russia (3) maize
new world corn arguably important for instance as the Chinese soybean
as animal feed (4) beans, in England
and Mexico (5) red and green bell peppers
in Spain and Hungary as paprika and pimenton (6) vanilla (7) chocolate among other New World edibles became
important world staple fare.
Most of the sub-Sahara Africa cultural transfer difficulty stemmed from the
fact that there was very little innovations or way of life customs and food to
bring from sub-Sahara Africa Stone Age traditions as well as that the
sub-Sahara Africa Black slaves were too young to implement change when they
arrived in the New World. They also had no unifying force since they spoke a
multitude of different languages. The many sub Sahara Africa third (3rd)
world deficiencies were further exacerbated by the lack of schooling, script
and family surnames in sub Sahara Africa and the continuing lack of schooling,
script and sub Sahara Africa family surnames in the New World.
The only exceptions of significant
permanent cultural transfer was music which became popular and accepted
worldwide and occurred AFTER 1800 three hundred (300) yrs fifteen (15) generations
after 1492. The
cultural transfer occurred
in the combining of European melody
based songs with sub-Sahara Africa music rhythms on percussion instruments and
the incorporation of afro-religions
with Catholicism in the Caribbean and Brazil creating New World cults,
recurring chanting intonations and animated sexually explicit dancing.
In the USA sub-Sahara Africa Black
slaves embraced the European and New World religions. The Afro-religions couldn’t get a
toehold on the Southern Baptist religion enough to merge, develop and covertly
split into separate entities as in Brazil and the Caribbean.
In contemporary Latin America, despite a considerable Afro-American population in many regions, and notwithstanding racial stereotypes in literature and popular culture, there is nowhere to be found an ethnically unique “Black Spanish,” comparable to vernacular Black English in the United States.6 In more recent times, the linguistic characteristics attributed to black Spanish speakers have been simply those of the lower socioeconomic classes, without any objective racial connotations. The situation was different in the past, and there exists ample evidence that distinctly Afro Hispanic speech forms did exist but now they are extinct such as the pidgin Bozal Spanish.
|
Ayér
me llamaste negro Yo
tengo el pelo'e caíyo: Tu
colór te salió blanco ¿Dices
que mi bemba es grande Como
tu nena es blanquita A ti
te gusta el fojtrote, |
Eres
blanquito enchupado Aquí
el que no tiene dinga Ayér
me dijiste negro La
pobre se está muriendo ¡Y bien
que yo la conozco! Fernando Fortunato Vizcarrondo |
Closer examination of the texts, together with an inquiry into the demographic shifts of black slaves and laborers in the 19th century Caribbean, suggests that the most creole-like features of Afro-Caribbean Spanish may have been acquired from speakers of other Caribbean creole languages, especially Papiamento. (Not directly from sub Sahara Africa)
Caribbean
language distribution
► European languages
Spanish, French, English, Dutch dominate
►New World
Portuguese-Jewish language morphs into Spanish based Papiamento after 1634 (Amerindian Curazao spelling in Spanish changes to Curaçao
in Jewish-Portuguese
instead of to Dutch for the conquerors)
In the ABC islands of
Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao a new language that combines Spanish, along with
Jewish-Portuguese, Dutch, English and to a much smaller degree African
languages results that Spanish based never standardized Papiamento becomes the
lingua franca in Curacao for over five hundred (500) yrs. (1499?-1634?-2005)
World Class Afro-Cuban Music:
started to develop in the Caribbean AFTER 1800
three (3) hundred yrs AFTER slavery and blossomed AFTER 1900
►African rhythms and
chants with European melodies, lyrics and verse
►rhythmic styles (reggae, calypso, merengue, rumba, etc.
►steel pan drums of
Trinidad were created from oil drums discarded from a U.S. military base in the
1940s
►linked with Afro-Caribbean religions
►may have political
overtones (like Bob
Marley’s songs) or Kirindongo song.
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In the case of sub-Sahara Africa
surnames in the New World the matter is very clear. The KIRING DONGO surname
came into existence in script in and/or before 1758 over two (2) centuries –
ten (10) generations before sub-Sahara Africa surnames came into existence
slowly circa 1930 as surnames in the sub-Sahara Africa and later still when
sub-Sahara Africa surnames arrived sparsely in 1950 in the New World. There are
volumes of History supporting a non-surname sub-Sahara African-Black Slave past
and non sub-Sahara African surnames for people freed in manumission in Curacao
and the Caribbean. Sub-Sahara African-Black first (and only) names lasted
usually one (1) generation for new sub-Sahara arrivals in the New World but
sub-Sahara Africa surnames were non-existent in both the sub-Sahara Africa and
also in the New World until recently, circa 1946-50 with the UN and in some
remote parts of the sub-Sahara Africa much later if at all.
Europe
and World Slavery
Earliest Black sub Sahara Slave trade
All surnames in the searches I have made for sub-Sahara Blacks that were requested or given to sub-Sahara Blacks on being manumitted were given not only to a few before the abolition 1863 but also to the many surnamed after the abolition of 1863 were largely European (Jewish, Spanish and Dutch) in Curacao. All surnames were overwhelmingly Spanish in PR and the Spanish speaking West Indies at abolition in 1873 in the Caribbean… and English and Irish in the USA, Jamaica and the English speaking West Indies. Before abolition in the mid 1800s only a few free sub-Sahara Black former Slaves and Amerindians in the New World had surnames. In sub-Sahara Africa itself surnames began in earnest only in mid 1930s. Few anomalies exist in all examples mentioned in this webpage. If any anomaly is not cited here please email me and point it out with the source referenced.
Some of the very few anomalies were
seen in free territory in the northeast
USA - QUAMINO
comes to mind pronounced kwamino in the early 1800s altho’ QUAMINO in Duchess QUAMINO suggests a
name rather than a sub-Sahara surname and ANGOLA
1575 which is a country name perhaps suspiciously
named in Portuguese as was i.e. Cabo Verde
(Green Cape) 1460 Cameroon (Shrimp)
1472 The Portuguese called
The Gold coast 1482 "Elmina" (the mine)” Sierra Leone (Lion Mountain range) 1652 and Ivory
Coast. All are European
innovations. The Congo and oddly enough the Sudan
called Nubia
in ancient times which is far inwards and reaching the east coast still
practices slavery… in contrast both Congo and Sudan SUDANO
survived as surnames intact in Europe
and the New World during that time with consistent sub-Sahara spelling in Latin
script as European sub-Sahara surnames and sub-Sahara place-names.
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NGOLA and ANGOLA phonetic and script cognate
dilemma
Why wasn’t the newfound country
named taking into account the historic Regal sub-Sahara title phonetic NGOLA? pronounced engola or ingola Why wasn’t Angola later a European and New World
surname spelled in European script Ngola as in the sub-Sahara Ngola (King?)
African Noble’s title name in sub-Sahara Africa 1652? or was it a false
phonetic cognate turned into a European script surname and European script
place-name? And (later?) given as the surname-place-name. Angola in European
script and in the New World USA North may have been given to a few native
Ngola-Angola Blacks? We must remember Europeans gave the nations in Africa
their names in European script and that in the sub-Sahara Africa most Slave
trading places originally had
no nation name as we know them in the African language until circa 1900-35 with
Uganda
1875 perhaps an exception.
Rhodesia a European South
Africa innovation was changed to Zimbabwe
only recently in 1979 and Pretoria
becomes Tshwane in
2005. All sub-Sahara Africa history has been written in Latin Script at its
root a perpetual European bias. Timbuktu Arabic
script in present-day
Mali
may be the only exception. Liberia
which was founded
for free USA Black slaves = free; Nigeria which is Africa's most populous country = Black as well as its border nation Niger.
Ngola pronounced engola or ingola is used early in Latin script to refer to names (not
surnames) in the sub-Sahara only.
Ngola never appears as script surname or script
place-name in the New World or Europe.
TIMELINE
1482/83 Angola
(a country with no name) was invaded by Portugal – The title of their ruler A KILUANJE was phonetically NGOLA (KING?) pronounced engola or ingola from which the Portuguese country name Angola is derived of the Kingdom of the phonetic State area Kongo,
of the phonetic Ndongo, (pronounced endongo or indongo).
1575 LUANDA established as the
first city to be founded by Europeans on the West Coast of sub-Saharan Africa.
1583? European
script (QUEEN? Nzinga)
Ngola Nzinga earliest Queen Ngola pronounced engola enzinga or
ingola inzinga name found so
far. Nzinga hasn’t survived as a surname.
King A KILUANJE
survives as a surname
and name
in Angola and sub Sahara Africa in Latin European
script since circa
1935?.
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What came first Angola in Europe as a European script surname or Angola
in sub-Sahara Africa as a European script place-name?
False or true cognates? = sub-Sahara Africa name Ngola pronounced engola or ingola changes
to Portuguese European script Angola as surnames in USA and in New World (Peru
and Mexico.)
Earliest
appearance of ANGOLA in IGI LDS as a name or surname
1.) 10 Aug 1595 Pedro ANGOLA – IGI LDS Lima, Peru
2.) 24 Nov 1602 Alonso ANGOLA - IGI LDS San Sebastian, Lima, Peru
Earliest
appearance of NGOLA in IGI LDS as a name or surname
1.) Ngola -: IGI LDS About 1865 Sanga-Lubambu, , Shaba, Zaire
DeANGOLA INGOLA ANSOLA DeENGOLA ANGULA seem to be European script sub-Sahara African surnames after 1493.
The links below to ancestry.com require a FREE
registration the first time.
1 African King ANGOLA b: Abt 1690 + African Queen UNKNOWN b: Abt 1695 2 African Princess ANGOLA b: Abt 1720 3 Elizabeth HARDCASTLE b: Abt 1760 d: 1826 + John CLELAND b: Abt 1750 4 Mary CLELAND b: Abt 1790 + John (white landowner) KINLOCK b: Abt 1780 5 John Jr. (white Slaveowner) KINLOCK b: Abt 1810 + Slave KINLOCK b: Abt 1820 6 Alice (Slave) KINLOCK b: Abt 1830 d: 1903
Gullah Plantation Era
1700 - 1860
Gullah is a shortening of Angola (homeland of many slaves) or can be traced to a W. African tribal group called the Gola.
The Gullah/Geechee culture flourishes on the islands off the South Carolina and Georgia coastsThere are no Geechee/Gullah surnames
Surnames that precede and predate the discovery of sub-Sahara Angola,
Africa.
In England we have the Angles or Anglos along with…in the rest of Europe Angil, Angala. Angel, Angola, Angula, Angelo, Angela, D'Angelo, Angella, Angello etc.
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NEW
YORK (New Amsterdam Slaves some given sub Sahara Africa country surnames)
THE NEGRO
ARRIVES IN NYC (NEW AMSTERDAM) IN SLAVERY some with
surnames who may be mulatto.
“The colony was now thriving, with the whole settlement "bravely advanced" and grain growing as high as a man. But across this bright picture fell the dark shadow of Negro slavery, which, it is said, the Dutch were the first to introduce upon the mainland north of Virginia in 1625 or 1626. Among the first slaves were Simon Congo, Anthony Partuguese (born in Portugal – possibly mulatto), John Francisco (born in France – possibly mulatto), Paul d'Angola -- names evidently drawn from their native countries -- and seven others. Two years later came three slave women.”
1641
Scandinavian sea captain Jonas Bronck buys 500 acres north of Manhattan to farm
tobacco. ** Overseer Jacob Stoffelson has city slaves removing dead hogs from
the streets. ** In a double wedding Anthony van Angola and Catalina van Angola,
and Lucie d'Angola and Laurens van Angola, all slaves, are married in the Dutch
Reformed Church. ** Eight slaves are accused of murdering a ninth. One, Manuel
(no surname), belonging to Gerrit de Reus, is chosen by lot to hang. The rope
breaks and spectators successfully plead for his life. The others - Big Manuel
(no surname), Little Manuel (no
surname), Paulo d'Angola, Simon Congo,
and Anthony Portuguese - are pardoned. “
“Conspiracy in New York, 1741 and prior uprising in 1712
In 1741, enslaved people organized a conspiracy to burn down New York City and get their freedom. Among those arrested when the plot was discovered were at least twelve men and women whose origin was Akan from Ghana. They wore the names Quack (Kweku), (no surname) Quamino (Kwabena), (no surname) Quash (Kwesi), (no surname) Kajoe alias Africa (Kodjo), (no surname) Cuffee (Kofi), (no surname) and Cuba (Akua, a female) (no surname). Between May and August, thirteen conspirators (including three Akan) were burned at the stake, seventeen black men, two white men, and two white women were hanged. Seventy black men were exiled to Hispaniola, Portugal, Surinam, Madeira, Curacao, Newfoundland and St. Thomas.”
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“Quamino was probably an Akan name; but
it is certainly from West Africa in what today is Ghana. The name means a male
child born on Saturday. Quamino's African name was a rare survivor in a culture
which usually re-named slaves. Prince was a recurrent name among New England
slaves. It may have been given in sentiment or mockery, or it may signal actual
royal status in Africa. According to oral tradition the latter was indeed the
case with another Portsmouth slave named Prince, Prince Whipple who
lived at the Moffatt-Ladd site in the late 18th-century.”
Both sub-Sahara African surnames ANGOLA and QUAMINO (Duchess Quamino, Quamino Dolly
and the Belize Quamino
cayes) are ambiguous, dubious and suspect that they are originally
sub-Sahara African names that became surnames by
default or descriptive surnames by chance depicting their country of origin not
sub-Sahara African surnames per se. This syndrome is classic except that the
custom of surnames did not take hold in Sub-Sahara Africa until the 1950s. This
is extremely late and excessive folly to revise history and assert that the
KIRING DONGO surname came into being as a sub-Sahara African family surname in
1758 Curacao. African surnames from sub-Sahara Africa did not officially appear
in the Caribbean or the new World prior to 1950.
If there were anomalies and altho’ KIRING and DONGO
don’t appear in Latin script as sub-Sahara Africa names in, before and after
1758 either in Africa,
the Caribbean including Brazil and the New World, QUIRINDONGO or KIRING DONGO
pronounced KIRINDONGO would be the only unusual and unique anomaly in Latin
script found as a surname and place-name. This is highly unlikely and
improbable. Only in 1758 Curacao does KIRING DONGO appear in Latin script as a
surname. The town Kirindongo later appears in Latin script in the Curacao insurrection
of 1821 as one word with no “g” and it is mentioned by library that Curacao has
“no information
regarding the meaning of the (Carpata and Tula) slave-names.” The Amerindian
names and Amerindian place-name meanings generally speaking also have been
lost.
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It is noteworthy that all USA records before the
invention of the cotton gin in seventeen ninety-three
(1793) mostly show single and double digits figures in African Slave-traffic in
the USA. African Slave traffic increased in the USA after the cotton gin was
invented. The total USA Slave traffic is estimated from a low of four (4) hundred thirty thousand (Charles
E. Cobb, Jr in NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC Aug 2002 BAHIA) to a high of seven (7) hundred thousand
(Britannica.)
Compare it with the estimated overall world total including southern Asia and
Europe which is sometimes quoted mistakenly for the USA of an unlikely high of
fifteen (15) million to an equally high-low of seven (7) to ten (10) million of
the final total world wide Slave-traffic to
the New World (Caribbean and Brazil infamous MIDDLE PASSAGE) including to southern
Asia and Europe during the three (3) hundred fifty plus yrs involved 1500 to
1863. In all cases it gives us a USA low less than five (5%) or 500,000 African
Slave-traffic to an improbable high for a complete USA total USA Slave traffic
of seven (7%) or 700,000.
The History
Channel reports that during the FRENCH and INDIAN WAR
Amerindian slaves were released by the French to serve as soldiers. And later
in the American
Revolution a number of 30,000 Black slaves were released to fight on the
side of the British alongside the Hessians.The
former slaves were later absorbed by the general population.
Important to note is that the slave trade from
Africa was outlawed by England in 1807 but the USA continued dealing in Black slaves illegally from Africa Brazil
and the Caribbean to service the cotton fields. Words in Spanish like
Negro-Black, Ayala-high-yellow,
Diego-dago, mulato-mulatto etc.
entered the USA language. In 1833 all
forms of slavery in and of England was completely outlawed. In 1863 America followed
during the Civil War by presidential proclamation. All countries except USA
gave the slave-holder immediate reparations. The USA instead disenfranchised
the slave-holder for rebellion
in the Civil War with the arrogant Reconstruction
Era with Republican SCALAWAGS
AND CARPETBAGGERS which brought about the equally abominable KKK and Jim Crow system by the White
population in
retaliation. Southern Whites became DEMOCRATS
once the White “rebel” southerners were re-enfranchised in
1885-1890. At that time contrary to the present, Blacks were Republicans and
even Martin.L.KING
was a Republican. Altho’ Blacks were casually promised “40 acres and a mule”
by General Sherman no country has ever given slaves reparations.
The glaring historical factor that is sometimes
overlooked was that fewer Black Slaves were needed for stoop labor to harvest cotton in the USA versus the
Caribbean and Brazil and that Blacks proliferated with huge families in the USA
that survived in a more healthy environment while the Black Slaves in the
Caribbean and Brazil with a gigantic three (3) century need for stoop labor to
harvest sugar, tobacco and coffee had a high death rate from overwork small pox, yellow fever malaria and other tropical diseases. If the stoop labor need generated in the USA when
the cotton gin was invented circa 1800 never happened the USA would
have had the same tiny percentages of indigenous phenotypic Blacks as Europe,
Canada, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile and Mexico which were in 1600-1865
and now 2004 mostly under
one (1%) percent.
Today 2004 the Black USA inhabitants continue the
legacy to have large families and in the USA population has increased as a
sub-culture with the racist racial purist “one drop rule.”
Altho’ the “African-American” in the USA comprises the highest gross GDP of any
Negroid people in the world many still have large families in large city
ghettos and rural areas of poor, uneducated and deprived people. The
negro-Black subculture as well as the dominant White culture refuses to
recognize the Mulatto who generally moves ahead percentage wise in education
and in higher income quicker than their Blacker brothers. Now 2005 about forty
(40) million people or high total of fifteen (15%) of the almost three hundred
(300) million USA population claim to be “Black” or “African Americans.” In the
rest of the world Condeleeza
Rice, Adam
Clayton Powell, Colin
Powell, Whitney
Huston, Halle Berry,
Jennifer Beals, Lena Horne and Malcolm X among many others
would be classified as Mulatto not Black.
Some Blacks in the New World cite vague not well
documented “facts” since sub Sahara Africa had no script nor large sub
Saharan “Empires”. They assert that the Carthaginian general Hannibal and the Macedonian-Greek Cleopatra of the Egyptian
Empire were Black without producing any convincing evidence and ignore the Mongol, Persian, Arab, Greek, Byzantine, Roman, Ottoman, French, British, German and Spanish Empires that have
perished but have been well documented and have left a legacy in script of the
sciences, languages, architecture and invention that drove their successes and
in turn has driven civilization forward.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Admittedly
confused African professors cite theory about when surnames instituted in
Africa.
to: Adams Bodomo
Do you have any idea when African people started using
surnames? As far as I know they didn’t
have surnames until they were freed from slavery in the new world and in these
cases in slave territories Christian names and European surnames were adopted.
But when did they adopt their surnames in Africa itself?
Johnq April 11, 2000
One a Professor Constancio NAKUMA, surnamed with a homonym or false cognate of the Japanese NAKUMA and American Indian Nakuma. Professor Constancio NAKUMA said, “So I would trace the surname tradition in Africa back to the origins of the establishment of formal education in the respective African societies. Memory constraints imposed by oral cultures, the extensive use of titles of relationship with no accompanying names, the confused looks of parents who are asked to provide a surname for their children seeking to register in school, etc., all point to the fact that Africa must have had an essentially monomial naming culture.”
Very comprehensive and well said but in subsequent Email, he tries to “see” an African connection to KIRINDONGO unsuccessfully.
The other Professor Adams BODOMO has a homonym or false cognate BODOMO
surname from the Philippines. Professor Adams BODOMO said. “I
am of the opinion that they do to some extent have surnames but they are not
used as pervasively and copiously as in the Western world.”
Professor
Adams BODOMO confused my question of Africa’s past and put it in the
present tense asserting more or less a present and continuing lack of surnames
in Africa today. home.mindspring.com/~johnqu/Apr%2011.htm
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There is very little chance given the mountain of
evidence to the contrary of the surname QUIRINDONGO spelled in Spanish or the
surname KIRINDONGO spelled in Dutch PAPIAMENTO being SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN derived,
influenced or inspired altho’ a Black manumitted slave was the first person
documented in 1758 to use the surname KIRING DONGO later updated to KIRINDONGO
spelled in Dutch Papiamento. KIRINDONGO was also documented in abstracts buying
real estate who were most likely free Black women or free Mulattos during 1807-16 not needing to pay anyone for their freedom. They were probably
offspring of manumitted Maria Magdalena KIRING DONGO and therefore not listed
in the slave register in Curacao. There does not exist another place-name
KIRINDONGO in sub-SAHARA AFRICA or in the New World. Surnames QUIRINDONGO and
KIRINDONGO did NOT exist outside Curacao and PR prior to the 1700s but now
exist today in America, Hawaii as well as Holland recently after WW II .
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Maria Magdalena and ONLY Maria Magdalena who
requested the patronymic and/or toponymic surname KIRING DONGO appears in the freed from bond
slave register in 1758, one hundred five (105) yrs prior to abolition. Not one
other KIRINDONGO in any spelling variation appears in the freed from bond slave
register altho’ free Black women KIRINDONGO buy real estate and an insurrection
occurs in Curacao 1816-21
fifty eight (58) yrs AFTER Maria Magdalena’s manumission - and forty two (42)
yrs two (2) generations before abolition. QUIRINDONGO was a PR Spanish spelling
innovation in 1780 - twenty two (22) yrs one (1) generation after Maria
Magdalena was manumitted. Had Black Pedro KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO not
left his father Nicolas
and have gone to PR in 1780, the surname QUIRINDONGO would have followed the
same syndrome as KWIDAMA and not have survived spelled in Spanish.
Other ideas are that
(1)
it
was an Amerindian village place-name in Curacao when the Spanish had held “Curazao” since 1499 for one hundred twenty
three (1634-1499=123) yrs six (6) generations, and
(2) two hundred fifty seven (1758-1499=257) yrs thirteen (13) generations of a Spanish language immediate area and a
mild but controlling Dutch but heavily Sephardic Spanish-Portuguese Papiamento
vernacular presence and
(3) the appearance of KIRING DONGO so early in 1758, two
hundred five (1970-1758=212) years - ten (10) generations BEFORE African
surnames appeared in the New World circa 1970 begs the four (4) questions:
1.) Is the
pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO
a Caiquetio Amerindian village place-name word plus a European Dutch surname
DONCKER…?… or
2.) Is the
pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO
a European Dutch surname KRING
or the European German surname KIRING
plus a European Dutch surname DONCKER…?…
or
3.) Is the
pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO
a corrupted European French surname QUIRIN
plus a European Dutch surname DONCKER…?…
or
4.)
Is the pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING
DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO two (2) Dutch European surnames QUIRIJN
plus a European Dutch surname
DONCKER corrupted into written Dutch Papiamento in 1758?
Only the absence of a hard “g” mitigates against the
latter (2) theories.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Black
Curacaon ARTIST Yubi KIRINDONGO Webpage
////////////////////////////////
False cognates in Africa
A scam letter from N.NDONGO in Sierra Leone
/////////////////////////////
Dutch
embarrasing words All false phonetic
cognates
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
A pair of false cognates consists are two or more words in different languages that appear to be or are sometimes considered cognates in Latin script or phonetics (ohio in Japanese = good morning) when they're really not. (Same language phonetic false cognates i.e. Colonel and kernel) Note that there could be an indirect connection between them; however, only words sharing a common root can be considered real or true cognates. i.e. German milch (pronounced milsh) and English milk are true Indo-European Germanic root cognates
Doncker = DONGO…true cognate common root from Dutch surname to pidgin Papiamento in Curacao.
Dongo appears as a
name-surname in Papua New Guinea, Possible common root in a place-name in Dutch East Indies Indonesia
- Kiring as surname also found in
Malaysia Dutch East Indies as well as in Germany and Holland – This may be due to early 1602 Dutch
exploration in the Dutch East Indies. No other common
root worldwide found at that point in time or as a surname or place-name before
1935.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Dongo in SUB SAHARA AFRICA
English-Swahili
Dictionary
(1)
Dongo
in Swahili = soil, earth, clay
(2)
Margaret DONGO,
(3)
Dongo Dongo beef
(4)
the recently named small sub-Sahara
Africa village Dongo.
and
(5) Dongo The god of thunder (This Dongo-god never represented nor named in New World African cults.)
Some of the five (5)
Dongo
within sub-Sahara Africa may be true cognates within sub-Sahara Africa itself.
Wandongo place-name in Curacao circa 1650 and four
hundred (400) yrs later there appears a false cognate Wandongo surname in Tanzania.
Kiryandongo refugee camp instituted 1991 a false
African cognate is a small town in Uganda
All sub-Sahara
African DONGO are false Curacao cognates
//////////////////////////////////////
Dongo
town in Italy
Mussolini captured in
the village Dongo in Northern Italy and executed
about a mile away ar the gate of the village Belmonte and a day later hung in
the Milan city
square - no common
root with Curacao
found
Dongo does not appear in
any New World sub-Sahara African
Cult Religions - no common
root with sub-Sahara
Africa or New World religions found
/////////////////////////////
BLACK CULT curiosity
in predominately Black city Loiza Aldea in PR.
Sacrilegious
and obscene
QUIRINDONGO leads
parade (like the MUMMERS in
Philadelphia) and uncovers PENIS to various crazy women representing the laity
or non-clergy called “Maximinas” and the enemy or anti-Christ surrogates called
“vejigantes” with everyone in the crowd chanting along singing rhymed
PROFANITIES about the enormous size of the QUIRINDONGO penis in an annual
religious ritual parade to St.James, the moor-slayer (Santiago matamoros.) The holiday of
St.James.
Why in PR in Loiza Aldea is the lead figure “San Quirindongo” or just “Quirindongo” the “DEFENDER of the Blacks?” The first presence in PR of “Black Pedro” QUIRINDONGO was in 1780 so
(1) What when and where were the beginnings of the first festival of 24th of July? and in what particular yr? And the yr if different from 1780 then
(2) When was the yearly ritual institution of QUIRINDONGO started as a SANTIAGO MATAMOROS surrogate? – both dates of the beginnings of parade and implementing the Quirindongo character are most crucial.
Perhaps
QUIRINDONGO was possibly instituted or likely added because “Black Pedro” QUIRINDONGO
ostensibly an old man of 62 was “arrogant” in the
pre-abolition yr of 1830 as per the Mayor of Ponce. Was the August 2, 1821 “arrogant” issue the
precursor of the yearly Loiza Aldea ritual?
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Need for Black reparations in USA by All Blacks including West Indian or others if USAcitizen
Black links
The reason
for few blacks in Canada and need for Black reparations.
The reason for
the lack of Blacks in Mexico and NO need for reparations
Black Slave-trade
chronology (Very detailed)
Black
Slave-trade chronology (Very brief)
Erudite PR-Cuban Black revisionism in the USA
Black Slaves and SlaveMasters in Ponce PR after 1800. (in Spanish)
Ponce de Leon deals in Slaves.
Black “holocaust” of Curacao ignored
MAP
of Africa today Canary Islands missing.
There are no cities or localities in Africa named KIRINDONGO in any variation.
There are no pre 1758-1858 KIRINDONGO names nor surnames in Latin script in Africa in any
variation. There are no pre 1758-1858 KIRINDONGO words or areas in Latin script
in any spelling or phonetic variation in the thousand dialects of Africa.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////“
Sub-Sahara African Sickle cell anemia
follows the slave trade in Europe
India and New World altho’ Black phenotype changes to the majority
population.
"I Haemoglobin
S (Hb S) : This is extremely common in Africa, particularly in countries south
of the Sahara (but not South Africa), and in some
Asian Indian tribes. It is also found in areas where beta thalassaemia is
common, such as the Middle East,
northern India, Pakistan, Greece, Sicily and southern Italy, Albania, southern
Turkey and southern Portugal."
From
the 6th century to the 16th century twenty
five? (25) to nine (9) million Sub Sahara Black
slaves were transported
by Arab and Black Slave traders to Europe and the Mediterranean across the Sahara
from Timbuktu of whom
half died. ref: History
Channel THE
SAHARA. Throughout the Middle Ages, a regular trade in slaves and a
form of slavery existed that included Blacks from Central Africa, Mongols and
whites from the Balkans, Eastern Europe and the Caucasus.
The Christian, Jewish and Islamic traders of Southern Europe and Northern
Africa found steady sources. Italy, Spain, Portugal and the Byzantine Empire
received Moslem slaves. North Africans received Christian slaves.
The Arab slave trade in the Indian
Ocean, Red
Sea, and Mediterranean pre-dates the arrival of any significant
number of Europeans on the Sub Sahara African
continent. The first Christians (Europeans) were the
Portuguese, who, applying ideas that originally
developed in Italian
sea trading cities,
and often using Jewish
and Italian
venture capital, started exploiting sub-Saharan slaves in the 1440s
to support the economy of the sugar plantations (mainly for their own African
colonies of Sao
Tome and Madeira and
after 1456 Cape Verde).
Altho’ Sub-Sahara Africa Blacks had migrated voluntarily in small
numbers northwards into Europe since antiquity, Sub-Sahara Africa Slaves were taken in extraordinary numbers
for ten (10) since Islam in the 6th century by the Arab slave trader
monopoly. Europeans with the Arab slave trader help started the trans Atlantic
and Europe Sub Sahara Black Slave trade during the 1500-1850 Middle Passage era
for stoop labor in sugar and cotton plantations and later coffee and rubber
plantations in large numbers to the New World. They were also taken at this
time at a LOWER quantity to both southern and northern
Europe and reached CENTRAL
Europe in small numbers never making
more than one (1%) of the population and eventually mixed and took on the
general European population phenotype. They, similar to Canada, “… Mexico,
Ecuador,
Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina,
Paraguay,
and Uruguay
ceased to be counted as
black."
In Spain during the Muslim occupation 711-1492 there was much racial mixing and today the Moors of Spain appear as a brown Arab people not Black. Moro and Mora are surnames ALL over Europe but the phenotype has changed to White. “The last two centuries have seen numbers of Jewish, African (initally as slaves in the 18th century), Brazillian, Vietnamese, Chinese, east and central European, to name but a few, make Ireland their home.” Some Sub-Sahara Africa Blacks and to a lesser degree Amerindians took on surnames starting very early in the 1500s reflecting their Race as the famous surname SCHWARZE NEGGER denotes and suggests that even the whitest white Europeans can have very immediate and verifiable-by-surname sub-Sahara Negroid or Amerindian ancestors and/or yDNA.
SCHWARZE = black NEGGER OR NEGER = negro.
Blacks
and other non-Whites in Spain Italy Europe and the New World
Black Slaves in Portugal and Spain prior to 1492 (in Spanish)
The
fact that Sub-Sahara
Africa Blacks had taken
on surnames (not their master’s surname) in Europe, Peru and Mexico before 1600
shows that a system was in place very early in these countries for Sub-Sahara Africa Blacks and others to gain their freedom.
Curacao also had a system of Slaves buying
out from their master’s bondage before abolition but not for surnames as the
Curacao's
pre-abolition manumission register shows as early as 1700 one hundred fifty (150) yrs prior to abolition. Curacao did not especially have a system for
adding an independent surname describing their Race nor their African heritage.
This means that in Europe, Mexico, Ecuador,
Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay where Blacks were less than
one (1%) of the population surnames were required from first and second
generation illiterate Blacks who remembered Sub-Sahara Africa in the various European and New World
countries circa 1550 three hundred (300) yrs before abolition unlike Curacao
where Blacks became more than four hundred (400%) of the population. In 1789
the population of the Whites in Curacao peaked at circa four thousand (3,964)
and the Black population peaked at over sixteen thousand (16,580). Source:
Hartog (1968), p. 222
In Curacao before abolition there seems to be the custom of manumitted Blacks taking on no surnames and of the few that chose surnames they are in either European Dutch, Jewish, Portuguese, Spanish or perhaps also in indigenous Amerindian Caiquetio place-names all in Papiamento. ie. CURAZAO ARUBA therefore all migrants surnamed QUIRINDONGO from Curacao to PR may have been from the KIRINDONGO town and not surnamed at first in Curacao before entering PR and for this reason did not have the Dutch origin of KIRING DONGO in their oral history.
////////////////////////////////////
Blacks in the New World (and Europe)
– “the white or Native American majority over time blurred considerably the obvious (NEGROID) ethnic distinctions.”
In Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile,
Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, the black sector constituted less than 1
percent of the population. In Central America, coastal Colombia, Venezuela,
Brazil, and the Caribbean, the black concentration ranged from 2 percent
(Honduras) to 99 percent (Haiti). People of mixed Sub-Sahara African, European, and Native American ancestry,
however, in an effort of inclusion had ceased to be counted as
"black." This was directly counter to the
exclusionary racist ONE DROP
RULE taken on only by the USA. Now
and then in the USA they say, “If you think you’re Black, then you are Black.”
It obviously doesn’t work for White persons when they all cannot deny the “one
drop” with the advent of “the
African Eve” and more
revealed past and recent yDNA miscegenation.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Jose (no surname) possible Black immigrant from
Curacao
Micaela Geronima CURAZAO SARATE Female
Event(s): Birth:
Christening: 01 OCT 1816 San Francisco De Asis, Actopan, Veracruz,
Mexico Parents: Father: Jose Carlos CURAZAO Mother:
Maria Josefa SARATE
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
ALL
SLAVES MANUMITTED by Nathaniel Ellis note: many
lack surnames
/////////////////////
All world
languages
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
English is the official language.
Western Caribbean Creole English dialects:
2.) Jamaican Patwa,
3.) Bongo Talk, and
4.) Quashie Talk.
QUASHIE =
Caribbean word (and surname) - an unsophisticated or gullible male Black
peasant
////////////////////////////////////
curiosity
Afro Antillian PR Vocabulary
revisionism in “El Boricua” webpage
listed for ten (10) yrs and (fourteen (14) out of eighteen (18) are errors)
I brought the Afro-centrism
inaccuracies to the “founder-editor” Ivonne Figueroa in the year
20002 but she took no action nor defended her position about the misstatements.
She only asked me “What’s a Neo-Rican?” (She lives in Texas and from her
incompetence she must be like G.W.Bush Republican.)
Fufú, (in PR the fufú word for an African dumpling is used to refer to a love potion spell or hex), gumbo, and yams (not the sweet potato) are found both on the Caribbean and the African restaurant menu and are words very familiar in the Caribbean and the USA as having African origin. Caribbean mofongo, funche, malanga, gandinga, yucca, plantain, calabaza, pumpkin, vanilla, red and green peppers, chocolate, chayote, jicama, cassava, papaya, plátanos-machos, pasteles Spain, pasteles PR, bacalao, or mondongo which some say may “sound African” are unique Caribbean foods and/or Spanish. You cannot ask for them in a sub Sahara African menu, store, cookbook or restaurant. If there is a sub-Sahara Africa connection it is too remote in time and impossible to document properly. They are words of food edibles i.e. maize (new world corn) the European pig European pasta (fideos) and bread which apparently were not found at first in sub Sahara Africa as food. Rice originated in SE Asia and reached the New World with the Europeans after 1493 while the tomato, the potato and Pinto, Lima, Black Turtle and Kidney beans are New World items. Cafe au lait is French for café con leche (coffe with milk.) It is also used to describe a mulatto.
In
the same way Chitterlings,
hogmaw
(pig’s tripe),
Sweet potato pie and grits among others
are USA “slave food” which were not
found in Africa at first were later taken to mainland Africa. Similarly other food was
taken to Liberia with the freed USA Slaves before the Civil War starting in January 1820. Three whites and 22 of the Black emigrants died within three weeks
from yellow fever in the initial settlement of Liberia.
Bemba means a large lower lip in PR, Cuba and Santo Domingo. Bembú or Bembón means having an extra large lower lip, “Bésame la bembita” a song by Tito Rodriguez means “kiss my small lower lip.” There is a tribe in Zambia called the Bemba. True cognate in African Kimbundu? Yes! The word bemba and bembe occurs in New World Spanish in the West Indies and in Sub-Sahara Africa; it does not crop up in Spain altho’ there is a RADIO BEMBA.
Pelo malo, pasas
(raisins) and sometimes bochinche
are all pseudonyms for pardo,
moreno,
trigueño,
grifo,
prieto or crespo
and the words are all Spanish. Grifo
also appears in Mexico Mex.Sp. grifo
"marijuana and/or drug addict.” Anana is Hawaiian Ananas comosus
is pineapple. There is a Sandunga street in Alicante Spain and
a Sandunga gallery in Grenada. Sandunga
is said to be a “Gypsy
word” in Spain and has false cognates in
the New World. Bachata
is New World Dominican. English words of Malay origin include orangutan,
gingham,
sarong,
bamboo,
rattan,
kapok,
paddy,
and amok.
The coconut is from Malay and India.
Sambumbia is another
overstatement of African influences and diminution of Amerindian influences in
PR. It can be better said that the sub Sahara African slaves became a different
and more a new mixture of culture and Race that emerged similar to all other
immigrants from all world areas but more so became because of their huge
numbers an important part of the Caribbean itself as well as of Brazil.
oddities
Though the peanut
originated in Brazil, it came to the United States from Africa. The wild turkey is
native to Northern Mexico and the Eastern United States. The mango originated in Southeast Asia. Gandinga a
Caribbean pig’s
liver soup has a false cognate in Lithuania.
MUSIC
The Bongos, Conga, and
Timbales are Afro-Cuban.
Cumbanchero
(Afro-Cuban music aficionado)
The Guiro, quijongo
and maracas
are indigenous New World Taino Arawak
The
Cuban dances
Conga,
Mambo,Rumba,
Brazilian Samba,
and the Dominican
Merengue
and many more
are all New
World African inspired. The
Cuban dances
Conga,
Mambo, Rumba,
Brazilian Samba,
and the Dominican
Merengue,
plus the clave
rhythm and many
more are all New World
African inspired. Trinidad & Tobago is the land
where the steel band, the CALYPSO
and the limbo
were born in 1937 in Port of Spain.
///////////////////////////
El
puertorriqueño lleva con orgullo sus raíces múltiples y las ha sabido conjugar
para crear una esencia única, lo que nuestro poeta Luis Palés Matos llamó
“burundanga.” Luis
Pales Matos 1898-1959 also wrote “tuntún
de pasa y
grifería” Griferia appears oddly enough in
Spain as a combination water faucet.
Burundanga (scopolamine) is in addition a newly
named 1994 New World Colombian drug and is also
the title
in a Celia Cruz song addressed to Monina “Les hinchan los pies” his feet swell up
in the song may be alluding to a symptom of the Columbian drug.
Monina in Monrovia,
California is a first name euphemism (little Mona - “cute little female
monkey”)
Musical nonsense words
and Afro-Cubanisms
A fantasy King Borondongo
Tongo Muchilanga Songo Fuchilanga
Abambele bamboleo
More
nonsense words i.e. Carai, Caramba,
shazam,
abracadabra,
doo hickey
Lo tumbó suena Africano…. Hay
Que
lio!
Curacao had no significant world-music
innovations.
/////////////////////
Mumbo Jumbo is also a curious hijacked by phonetics word that is not
found in the Caribbean or Africa yet Americans usually take it erroneously for
sub-Sahara African ascribing it illegitimately and spuriously to Mandingo
because it “sounds” sub-Sahara African. Accordingly given mumbo jumbo’s
definitions in English, the word in Spanish most closely associated and
synonymous would be SAMBUMBIA.
Since mumbo jumbo makes its first appearance in script in Charles Dicken’s 1812-1870 classic works in England and then later in the equally classic children’s story LITTLE BLACK SAMBO about India BY HELEN BANNERMAN 1862-1946 of England but long-time resident of India, it may have a Hindu origin along with mugger, thug, bungalow, khaki (Persian), dinghy, curry (Tamil), ginger, mantra, karma, dungaree, guru, jungle, juggernaut, pundit, pajamas, shampoo, yoga, nirvana, loot, cummerbund, bandana chintz, kismet (Turk), swami, meditation (Latin?) and a host of others.
Sub-Sahara African and New World”religions” have no word or words similar to mumbo jumbo
There may be a mumbo jumbo Mandingo false cognate “Mama Dyumbo” in Niger?
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
In view of the fact that there was no African or Amerindian script, the only History we can garner is from the Spanish script in PR and later Curacao Dutch script records which may contain inaccuracies.
Spaniards and Canary Islanders who are not the focus of my search are conspicuously missing here and also missing in the Catalogo de Extranjeros Residentes en Puerto Rico en el Siglo XIX, Ediciones de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, 1962 by Dra. Estela Cifre de Loubriel. But they were also “estranjeros” and as Spanish citizens were eligible for the Real Cedula de Gracias having carte blanche to move freely within PR and the Spanish Colonial Empire. They generated a written record which is kept in texts somewhere in PR, Curacao or in Seville Spain ARCHIVOS de INDIAS.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////
Translations
from many languages into English
//////////////////////////////////
Papiamento as a European pidgin Spanish language for
ALL seasons in Curacao invented by Jews
Because of the lower educational level of the
insular government and absence of compulsory public schooling for close to five
(5) centuries in Curacao, the same
bastardization of language from Spanish to pidgin by illiterate people occurred
in Curacao as it happened with English in Jamaica only more so. The added
introduction of a distinct lettering of old Dutch to the Spanish pidgin
vernacular quickly destroyed the written Spanish root in 1634 in only one sense
(the written Papiamento form) and gave the impression of a new different dialect
or language when seen in print by the intelligentsia of Curacao. While
Papiamento has always stayed akin to Spanish phonetically, a new European
Germanic script Dutch element had been
introduced. The Curacao intelligentsia minority was unable and unwilling to
change the written vernacular of Papiamento. The written vernacular Papiamento
was used by Jews and a functionally-literate majority Black population. The
”hoi poloi” common people promoted unopposed ethnocentrically a pseudo African
element to explain the un-Spanish look of the Dutch Papiamento script.
This is similar to “old Spanish” of the Sephardic
Jews in the Middle East and America if we leave out the Race and illiteracy
issue who only know and use the phonetic old- Spanish 1500s
vernacular of their parents and promote a pseudo Hebraic element versus the
current standardized Spanish of Spain.
It also explains why the myriad of 1,000 dialects
and languages in the sub-Sahara Africa because of remoteness, primitive
culture, the lack for eons of schooling, literacy and standardization was unable to contribute to European Papiamento significantly.
We can see as well that the recent forced introduction
of unstandardized Papiamento unopposed ethnocentrically in public schools in
1996 has hurt the general public higher education of Curacao when we point out
the added difficulty of learning yet other European languages or the attractive
lure of going abroad to get professional higher education in Dutch and English
or for that matter Spanish and be in a better position to research advanced
studies.
History of Papiamento starts circa 1450
Before 1500
the Sephardic Portuguese Jews first used European Papiamento in the Slave trade in Africa
sub-Sahara Africa Slaves arrived in the New World
after 1500 with no standard language
sub-Sahara Africa Slaves contribute to music
with Guene pidgin
(Guinea) now extinct and
Papiamento
1500 to present the Sephardic Jews continued using European
Papiamento
Before 1600
the Sephardic Portuguese-Spanish Jews used European Papiamento in Brazil and the Caribbean
Before 1700
the Sephardic and Ashkenazy Jews made Curacao its headquarters
sub-Sahara Africa Slaves
contribution to Papiamento vernacular is meager to non-existent
The oldest document
written in Papiamento is a letter from 1775, a message between two members of a Jewish merchant
family. In 1802 the British Governor Hughes in a report mentioned the language
abroad for the first time. In the 19th century (after over four (4) hundred
yrs) Papiamento was finally recognized. The first
Papiamento-Dutch dictionary (van Ewijk) a small large type very limited
vocabulary and few pages hard cover pocketbook appeared in 1875. It seemed to
be useful as a learning to read children’s book
//////////////////////////////
GUENE (Guinea) the
Portuguese ancient extinct pidgin precursor to Papiamento
////////////////////////////////////////
QUILILONGO
false cognate found in Chile, Spain, Netherlands and here and here.
The Papiamento surname BARIEDONGO
BARRIO DONCKER? (claims father changed surname from QUIRINDONGO or KIRINDONGO) appears in Curacao and Venezuela.
There are no Bariedongo in present day Curacao.
Yet other dialects in nearby Suriname - Sranantongo Sarnami hindoestani carib aukan Samaraccan
////////////////////////////////////////
1785 - 1816 Mass exodus of (free) people (with money) from Curacao due to Slave Revolt, Politics, Economic downturn, Disease and weather. ---- “Chaos” Pg 277 and “Emigration Pg 301 Emmanuel and Emmanuel JEWS OF THE NETHERLANDS ANTILLES” CaribSeek Books | Economic Stagnation and Decline | Roots of our Future by Linda M. Rupert
/////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////
Coffee as a brewed drink originated in
Turkey but legends say it grew first in Africa
Coffee
in Brazil circa 1820
History of SUGAR
The Rum trade
//////////////////////////////
KIRINDONGO not listed in LDS IGI
A search produces no KIRINDONGO but hundreds of QUIRINDONGO proving
1.) QUIRINDONGO became literate before KIRINDONGO
2.) QUIRINDONGO surname existed in script before KIRINDONGO surname
3.) KIRING DONGO circa 1758 split surname predates ALL variations in script
4.) KIRING is Papiamento for unrecognized Amerindian word perhaps meaning “oasis”
5.) KIRING may be the Dutch surname KRING or the German surname KIRING
6.) DONGO is Papiamento for the Dutch DONCKER
7.) that there are 40 DONCKER archived in the Netherlands Antilles 1650-1850
8.) QUIRINDONGO was born in PR 1780 but originated in Curacao
9.) KIRINDONGO area and surname circa 1800 is peculiar only to Curacao
KRING is the Dutch word for “ring” but it seems to be a false cognate altho’ my Aunt Mercedes told me various times that the KIRING was “Dutch for KRING ” My Uncle Cheo changed his name to KRINGDON and said it is much closer to the “original Dutch.” Both now deceased may have meant Dutch Papiamento and therefore truthful. Also “Kring” is difficult to say in Spanish or pidgin Papiamento.
No other variations of KIRINDONGO found originating from any other area but Curacao.
Because piped
water was of dubious quality, the town water vendor remained an important part of
daily life until well into the twentieth century. An artifact of a branding
iron “KD” could have been for a fleet of water donkeys.
Kirindongo may have been the word loudly used by the
women selling a better brand of water from the wells of the town of Kirindongo
as the water carrying donkeys traveled the streets of Willemstad.
KIRING DONGO BRANDING IRON shown by NAAM in Curacao?
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Curiosity
Aruba
has a considerably high GDP per capita income
$11,200
more than PR and $16,600 more than Curacao
Aruba’s
ethnology is eighty (80%) White-Amerindian
GDP - per capita: purchasing
power parity - $28,000
Unemployment rate: 0.6% (2003 est.)
The Cayman Islands enjoy one of the highest outputs per capita
and one of the highest standards of living in the world.
GDP - per capita: - $32,300 (2004 est.)
British
Virgin Islands enjoy a higher
standard of living
GDP - per capita: - $38,500 (2003 est.)
Bermuda
enjoys the highest standard of
living in the world
GDP - per capita: - $69,900 (2004 est.)
From Cristobal Colon log
Saturday, 13th of October 1492
"As soon as dawn broke many of these people came to the beach, all youths, as I have said, and all of good stature, a very handsome people. Their hair is not curly, but loose and coarse, like horse hair. In all the forehead is broad, more so than in any other people I have hitherto seen. Their eyes are very beautiful and not small, and themselves far from black, but the color of the Canarians. Nor should anything else be expected, as this island is in a line east and west from the island of Hierro in the Canaries.”
Cristobal Colon was blond
blue eyed The word “rubio” sounds like a red hue but in Spanish it means
blond.
Curacao’s ethnology is
(80%) Mulatto and Black
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity $11,500.
Unemployment rate: 12.8% (1997 est.).
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Spain’s decline AFTER 1630 Spain's desperate poverty in the 1930s
Discrimination still exists among Puerto Ricans
My personal
conclusions in old age
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Altho' all QUIRINDONGO from Curacao are included and listed here, we must stress that they did not obtain their surname from the same place or procedure.
1) Some were given the surname when freed in abolition 1863 in Curacao
2) Some acquired the surname thru' marriage
3) Some can say they can trace their lineage with no documentation to before Maria Magdalena 1758 in Curacao
4) Some have the oral history of QUIRINDONGO being a combination of two (2) Dutch surnames
5) Others say that Quirindongo is the combination of a place-name (Amerindian) and the surname Doncker
In any case there is no unifying family origin uncovered so far except for the Quirindongo of El Rucio in Peñuelas PR which I can trace back to Alejandro circa 1840 and perhaps to before 1794 with Juan Pedro of Curacao. The surname origin comes from the Papiamento place-name KIRINDONGO in Curacao during or before Governor Jan DONCKER circa 1650. The ethnicity of the split surname KIRING DONGO and place-name KIRINDONGO seems to be Dutch spelled in Papiamento. QUIRINDONGO is the PR 1780 Spanish spelling innovation.
A common mistake by PRs is to racially classify people phenotypically by hair texture and general facial features solely and disregard brown skin color. This happens in many countries with India and Brazil as prime examples. PRs as a group are a very mixed people and phenotype may sometimes hide a recessive ancestral genotype that can be discovered not only by genotypic examination but also by logical phenotypic observation and extended family somatic scrutiny. Also all documents asserting the Race “Indio” is suspect that it is a mixture of Black and Amerindian while the documents asserting “Blanco” is a mixture of White and Amerindian as the my genotype and most genotypes of PR confirm.
Facts stated but not in
evidence:
Wandongo and Kirindongo Abou are
the same area
Juan
Pedro is a phenotypic White man
El Rucio is the land grant from
the Cedula de Gracias
Maria Magdalena is Nicolas’s mother
Click below
1. THE CASE FOR SPANISH ORIGIN rejected…
2. THE CASE FOR INDIGENOUS CURACAO ORIGIN…
Any combination of all 4 origins of KIRINDONGO in Spanish, Indigenous Amerindian, Dutch. (or African ?)
NOT
NECESSARILY IN THAT ORDER.
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Timelines in World
History as it influenced PR…
My conclusions
Oral History
QUIRINDONGO
PROGENY
COMMENTS by David Powell PhD Australia, Luis Quirindongo in
PR and Marilu Mercalina in Florida …
Fraudulent NAAM “facts”
QUIRINDONGO
KIRINDONGO GENEALOGY HOMEPAGE
More reasons
mitigating AGAINST a Sub Sahara Africa Kiryandongo
Uganda place-name (never a surname) link to a Quirindongo/Kirindongo place-name
or surname in Curacao:
1) Uganda is too far inland and the
Dutch and all European slave traders were seamen who were afraid of the
interior of Africa which had
ferocious animals and deadly exotic diseases. The Dutch as well as all
Europeans preferred and required that the slaves be brought to the coast or
island staging area ports by Muslim Arabs or Muslim Blacks. On the other hand Tanzania is on the East coast of
Africa and slave traded from the staging area Zanzibar
with South Asia Yemen,
Arabia and India. It was too difficult for Dutch seafaring slave traders to
do business from Zanzibar
to Curacao. Curacao had no big plantations. Curacao’s biggest plantation
HATO only had at most 100 slaves. Suriname did have big plantations but
Black slaves would continually escape to the Amazon jungle and the profit there
was small. Only the Portuguese who were going home with a sure large plantation
market in Brazil would seldom venture this long, arduous and less profitable
slave-trade journey. They the Portuguese as well as the Dutch generally would
have rather transport spices to Europe and the Americas because of less
maintenance and higher profit. The Dutch who went to settle in Africa later
known as Afrikaner Boers
preferred the more fertile more temperate climate and tillable South Africa.
The Dutch have left a lasting legacy in the South Africa area and country but
alas the surname or place-name Kirindongo or Doncker is not among them.
2) We can look at
the absence of Dutch place names in the general Uganda area of Africa as an
indication that Kiryandongo
is a false cognate not Dutch derived at all. This is similar to the false
Spanish cognate Querindongo
(familiar word for “lover”) which is not only close in spelling off by one
vowel letter in Latin script but of ancient heritage preceding 1492 and in
existence when Curacao’s Kirindongo area was named and when the Spanish
language had greater dominance in the Caribbean. Kiryandongo as well as
Querindongo are both false cognates no matter how close the lettering in Latin
script – one, Querindongo rather old in Spanish a language that was
standardized in 1492 and the other, Kiryandongo a rather recent word from a
country Uganda a
strange virginal pristine solitary area disease-ridden with ebola and other
bizarre maladies with forty-three languages none standardized and who recently
has taken on English as an official language. Kiryandongo has no place in Kirindongo/Quirindongo West
Indies Genealogy.
3) Wandongo as a
surname exclusively in Africa and Kiryandongo as a place name never a surname
also found solely in Africa seem to be recent 1960s or 1970s since they both
don’t appear in Latin script until the 1990s and the Kiryandongo recent
refugee camp was established in 1991. Jan/Juan Doncker is of the 1640s a
time when most towns in Curacao were formally named. Kerindingan islands of
Malaysia and Quirinopolis
founded 1943 in Brazil as well as Kiryandongo
and the recent Wandongo African surname in Tanzania are false cognates too new
and all four ((4) are too far out of the older Dutch-Spanish colonial
experience in area and time to be seriously considered for comment.
Querindongo of Spain on the other hand can deserve consideration and a small
comment. Querindongo is an older false cognate word not ever a surname but
older than any variation with the exception of DONCKER or KIRING in Europe. Wandongo as an official surname, Kerindingan, Kiryandongo
and Quirinopolis have no place in Kirindongo/Quirindongo/Doncker
Holland/West Indies Genealogy.
4) False cognates
as tribal names in Malaysia include Kiring and Dongo while the false cognate
tribal name in Sub Sahara Africa is Dongo only.
5) Sabir a
commercial language was a verbal and written communication solely of the
Mediterranean and Venice used
for trade with the Mid East, Persia, Greece and Turkey in a golden period from 1100
to the Middle Ages and beyond until the 1800s and the Venice capture by
Napoleon. Venice did indulge in Slavery both White and Black but their main
focus was commodities.
Some Sub Sahara Blacks during that time 1100 to 1800 did reach Europe through
the mid-east Mediterranean route and the Trans Sahara route 2 AD
– 1940 but the large bulk of Sub Sahara Blacks went to the New World through the
Middle Passage and to Europe using the Atlantic route
during the shorter and more recent three hundred fifty (350) yr period 1500 –
1850. Sabir has no place in
Kirindongo/Quirindongo West Indies Genealogy. On the other hand once the Sub
Sahara Slave coast was opened in the 1440s by the Portuguese Guene pidgin became the
verbal communication used solely on the African Slave coast. Guene a
short-lived slave trade Creole a precursor of Papiamento reached Brazil and the
West Indies through percussion music
early in the 1500s then for the most part disappeared. No evidence exists
that surnames at any time have been taken from “reconnaissance” “contact” or
“commercial” languages.
6. The oldest documented European yDNA Quirindongo in PR was g ggg gfather (Juan) Nicolas 1740? (wife (Maria) Catalina.) g ggg gfather (Juan) Nicolas may have been 18 yrs old in Curacao when Maria Magdalena Kiring Dongo was manumitted in 1758. He could have been manumitted without surname and not related at all to Maria Magdalena. (Juan) Nicolas died in PR circa 1820. He was father of patriarch ggg gfather Pedro who died circa 1840 who was father of gg ghalf-uncle Juan Pedro of the 1815 Cedula de Gracias who died circa 1850. All were Mulatto born in Curacao with Black or mulatto phenotype but white yDNA and all three (3) died in Penuelas. The European yDNA Quirindongo did not take on the White phenotype until 1840 by mixing with the Castiza females of Penuelas. This began in 1818 with Patriarch ggg gfather Pedro who married ggg gmother Andrea de Matos a Parda after his first wife (Maria) Sabina Dias died. The marriage document shows his father (Juan) Nicolas was still alive in 1818. Their only issue a son gg gfather Eugenio married gg gmother Joaquina Feliciano a Castiza who issued a mostly White phenotype family then g gfather Alejandro “el Holandes” married g gmother Juana Santiago a Castiza who issued a mostly White phenotype family then my gfather Jose Monserrate married gmother Carmen Arroyo a Castiza (I knew her) who also issued a mostly White phenotype family. Thus this singular branch of Quirindongo had mixed with female Castiza of PR over four (4) generations before migrating to NYC. During that time there were some Black and Mulatto Quirindongo around in PR and especially Curacao but the European yDNA Quirindongo of PR with White phenotype forgot their Black female mtDNA heritage from Curacao and the Quirindongo of Penuelas also forgot the town of Kirindongo in Curacao and mistakenly assumed their European whiteness was Dutch from Holland not a Spanish phenotype because of the rare and unusual surname Quirindongo. Family and neighbors went as far as nick-naming g gfather Alejandro “el Holandes” because of Dutch oral history (they were at most functionally literate) but mostly because of his whiteness with blond hair and blue eyes when in reality he was far removed by time and space from the Curacao pre-1758 White Dutch phenotype. Only the yDNA in reality without question after DNA analysis points to Dutch yDNA of a bygone era many yrs ago in Curacao when for the first time the surname Kiring Dongo was written in Papiamento and before that when written as Doncker in Dutch in Malaysia and Holland, all areas where my yDNA is found long before 1758. The mtDNA had changed the Quirindongo phenotype to Castizo four (4) times in four (4) consecutive generations in PR with four (4) different Castiza females of White phenotype but Amerindian mtDNA. Although there were “throwbacks” and “skipped generations” phenotypes to Mulatto and to Amerindian the darker Quiirindongo became fewer and fewer and the Quirindongo phenotype changed to White in or about 1860 after being Black phenotype and Black mtDNA in or about 1758 Curacao. This change of phenotype syndrome was mimicking the world-wide syndrome that effectively changed phenotype to the concentration of extremes of the colors of skin and texture of hair and the observable differences in the Races of Mankind especially in the isolated areas of China and Africa. For example 1. John D'Isselt 5/15/91 2. Richard D'Isselt 4/25/94 3. Barbara D'Isselt 1/16/98 All three (3) are children of White phenotype father and White phenotype Gloria CARABALLO Quirindongo Wiederhold. Note the Carabali the African tribe member of the New World Cabildo guild is the genesis of the surname Caraballo The surname Caraballo is spread worldwide showing a high rate of miscegenation.
The
Quirindongo family of el Rucio upon being forced into an economic depression
diaspora in 1920 to Ponce, Santo Domingo and ultimately to NYC mixed with
Mestizo, Mulatto and Negro/Amerindian to a large extent rendering a mixed
racial identity and reverting to an observable diverse phenotype in the first
and second generation NYC Quirindongo residents of which I belong.
miDNA “Eve” female
always mutated each time thousands of years before the yDNA “Adam” male.
All mtDNA which controls phenotype and Race is contributed 2x by the female and 1x by
the male consequently my yDNA is linked in tandem throughout the male genetic
ancestry lineage and has remained relatively unchanging and traceable
concurrently for twenty (20) to forty (40) thousands of yrs or more regardless
of ever-changing Racial phenotype and is also connected recently (1,000 yrs) by
following my male surname Quirindongo/Kirindongo/Doncker.
History Timeline (1,000 yrs) Quirindongo true and false cognates
1100? surname Doncker appears in Holland in Latin script
1400? surname Kiring found in France in Latin script
1499? Querindongo (lover) word (never a surname) appears in Latin script in Spain
1500? Amerindian Caiquetio-Spanish phonetic word for fresh water “Kirin” found in Curazao
1601? tribal-names Kiring and Dongo found in Malaysia later becoming surnames and names in Latin script
1634? Amerindian-Dutch phonetic word “Kiring” for fresh water? or oasis? found in Curacao
1640? Wandongo/Jan/Juan Doncker short-lived place-name (never a surname in Curacao) appears as a water oasis in Curacao
1645? Kirindongo phonetic place-name appears in Curacao in Spanish Papiamento as a water oasis
1650? Kiring Dongo in Dutch Papiamento Latin script appears as a surname and water oasis in Curacao
ALL
DOCUMENTED DATA
1673-79 Jan/Juan Doncker (Wandongo) quits governorship to continue selling fresh well-water
1750 Slave rebellion Hato Plantation in Curacao
1758 Maria Magdalena manumitted in Curacao surname Kiring Dongo given
1780 Patriarch Pedro Quirindongo migrates from Curacao to PR
1791 WIC finally goes Bankrupt in Curacao after many yrs running in the red
1794 Juan Pedro Quirindongo arrives in PR from Curacao
1795 Tula and Carpata slave rebellion - names as legacy don’t survive
1800-02 British occupation in Curacao
1807-16 British occupation in Curacao
1821 insurrection in Kirindongo “East Division” of free Blacks in militia.
1863 Kirindongo surname in Latin script given to freed slaves in Curacao when owners compensated
1865 Some 1/5 USA Black slaves take on European surnames owners NOT compensated
1873 Slavery abolished in PR - surnames in Latin script given to freed slaves when owners compensated
1881-1889 Bismarck institutes Social Security and surnames in Germany
1914 More USA African-Americans get European surnames as soldiers in WW I
1924 Quirindongo family migrates from PR to NYC
ALL
RECENT FALSE COGNATES
1930? Dongo surname food-name religious-name and tribal-name appear in Latin script in Africa
1935 Turkey mandates all citizens use surname in Latin script
1935 official banner yr for European surnames in Latin script covers 100% USA under Social Security for Black, Amerindian, Asian and all Americans
1940? Wandongo surname (never a place-name in Africa nor surname in Curacao) appears in Latin script in Tanzania Africa
1945 Mussolini captured and killed near Dongo Italy
1991 Kiryandongo place-name (never a surname) appears in Latin script in Uganda Africa
Therefore
my yDNA in spite of my Mestizo phenotype is found in
profusion in Europe followed by smaller quantities in sequential date order
Malaysia 1601 then Curacao 16634 on to PR 1780 then to NYC 1924 and USA…and
curiously similar in Mongolia, Siberia, Korea, the China coast and interior and
Japan. Yet no significant amounts of yDNA of my Quirindongo “I” (eye) Haplotype nor any close or
near close variation is found in the area of Sub Sahara Africa slave coast in
spite of the large historic Dutch Slave Trade there and a heavy Dutch influx
further south.
7) Finally
Jan/Juan Doncker better known in his time as Wandongo was an aged ex-governor
of Curacao not a young sea-going adventurer nor did he have a history of
navigating far for money like the outrageous, flamboyant adventurer peg-leg Peter Stuyvesant and
it would be unlikely that he entered the dirtiest, less profitable and
time-consuming part of the Slave-trade by going to East-Africa or the interior.
That would have created legends and songs and made world-wide news! Consider John Newton of AMAZING GRACE ultra-fame
circa 1772 who changed from slave-trader to blind evangelist song writer and James
Bruce the
Scottish explorer who identified (1770) Lake Tana Ethiopia as
the source of the Blue Nile, and John Speke, the
British explorer, who is credited with the identification (1861–62) of Lake Victoria Uganda
and Ripon Falls as the source of the White Nile and in 1871 Livingston and
Stanley! Today the Sub Sahara Africa still remains the “DARK CONTINENT” where few White
Europeans dare to tread even on a short vacation. This is not the case with
world-renowned similar climate vacation areas Mexico, Costa Rica, the West
Indies and Brazil. Instead Wandongo/Jan/Juan Doncker after quitting his job as
Governor quietly followed the most profitable Curacao syndrome called the Asiento an
outgrowth of the New
Netherlands Company - a contract with Spanish and/or Portuguese Slave
traders of buying and caring
for ill slaves that had sickened in
route to the New World for further shipment to Brazil or other West Indian
countries because the Kirindongo/Wandongo oasis had plenty of healthy potable
well-water.
With the bankruptcy
of the WIC in 1791 who during its 2x bankruptcy in multi-centuries old
piratical and criminal existence could never keep its head above the RED INK of debt the
use of the Kirindongo/Wandongo oasis for rehabilitating slaves was slowly
phased out and a larger volume of well-water resumed to be sold from Kirindongo
by donkey continually for three (3) hundred yrs 1640 – 1940 to Willemstad and
beyond with women loudly shouting KIRIND0NGO (Fresh water from the wells of
Jan/Wandongo) ensuring Kirindongo kept its unusual place-name in spite of
two British occupations (1800-02 and 1807-16) and an insurrection
in Kirindongo “East Division” of free Blacks in militia in 1821.
The Kirindongo
oasis was an important semi-autonomous or autonomous area that was always
profitable selling water to the Slave trade and later combining with the Jesurun Fa. and
later still with
Senior & Co. to produce
Curacao liqueurs
for over one hundred fifty (150) yrs from the time of Wandongo/Jan/Juan Doncker
in 1680 until the militia insurrection in 1821 and today KIRINDONGO ABOU remains
in a smaller and less important way a continuous populated area of people who
forgot there own recent history because of the widespread world-wide Black
illiteracy of the pre-1930s. A slave rebellion of
lower class impoverished Blacks can be expected but an insurrection of free
Black middle-class people in the Kirindongo militia who seemed to be in charge
of a large water supply during the slavery years two (2) generations before
abolition is hard to explain.
I
think I prove the surname KIRING DONGO and the yDNA Haplogroup “I” came from
Europe and shipped out as DONCKER from Holland to Curacao where they stayed for
one hundred twenty five (125) yrs (after a short preliminary twenty (20) yr
stop in Malaysia) and were compelled to go to PR by the CEDULA
de GRACIAS free land. Since there is in Curacao localities named Kirindongo
Abou and Kirindongo Ariba many Slaves and people with no surname took on the
Kirindongo/Quirindongo surname when migrating to PR in 1780 and four (4)
generations later in Curacao abolition in 1863 and we cannot say because of
illiteracy which one of the many similar surnames is in my individual
ancestry including:
1) the KIRINDONGO
in Curacao and QUIRINDONGO
worldwide
2) the
more recent “misspelling” QUIRINGDONGO
QUIRINDINGO
in the USA and
3) the
recent AFTER WW II in Holland KIERINDONGO
KIERINDOONGO
QUIRINGDONGO
KERINDONGO
QUIRINDOONGO
“misspellings” and the USA
KRINGDON
Only
an eight (8) marker yDNA test
with an unexpected Malaysia
connection can prove that phenotypes of the yDNA progeny can and
will change phenotype even with the same partner every time a sexual union
introduces mtDNA. The yDNA, which is my main focus, on the other hand remains
constant with rare minor mutations together with the surname if married.
Therefore phenotype and yDNA-mtDNA unions are separate unique entities working
independently and a European yDNA can’t assure a European phenotype and vice
versa; a European phenotype cannot assure a European yDNA. We must think about Mendel’s Law
in which all
varieties are possible in numeric
distribution. A mixture of Amerindian and Black may very well
produce in profusion a not too dark-skinned child with straight hair. PRs in
general can have white blue-eyed children together with very dark mulatto
semi-straight-haired not-quite-Black facial featured children and every color
of skin in between from the same father and mother.
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