John Henry Quirindongo  

GENEALOGY

(Holland) 1400 Kiring and Doncker (Curacao) 1650 Kiring Dongo (Puerto Rico) 1780 Quirindongo

Spanish language and PAPIAMENTO used by functionally-literates in 99% of PR and 99% of Curacao 1493-1950

DNA free video by mail or download audio and video

yDNA history of QUIRINDONGO surname with recent phenotype

Origin of names Quirindongo and variations now living in Holland

GIVEN NAME

Everyone has a name, unless some extraordinary circumstance has isolated a person from all human contact. Some people have many names. In Western nations, most people have three names—two given names and a family name. The given name consists of a first name and a middle name. It is often called a Christian name. The family name is also called the surname or last name. All three names together make up the legal name. A person may also have one or more nicknames.

All names have meanings, though people today may not be aware of them. Documents reveal that early peoples gave someone a name with a definite knowledge of the meaning of the name. In the Bible, for example, a widow exclaims, “Call me not Naomi [pleasant], call me Mara [bitter]: for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me” (Ruth 1:20). People in India, Israel, and some African nations still give names with specific meanings. 

Wayne H. Finke, “Name,” World Book Online Americas Edition, January 8, 2003.

SURNAME 

also called Family Name, or Last Name, (Surnames are the main focus of Genealogy.)

name added to a “given” name, in many cases inherited and held in common by members of a family. Originally, many surnames identified a person by his connection with another person, usually his father (Johnson, MacDonald); others gave his residence (Orleans, York, Atwood [i.e., living at the woods]) or occupation (Weaver, Hooper, Taylor). A surname could also be descriptive of a person’s appearance (Little, Red) or his exploits (Armstrong).

Surnames appeared at vastly different times in different cultures: in 2852 BC, a Chinese emperor decreed the adoption of hereditary family names. In England it was a gradual process, beginning about 1000 AD—when it was stimulated by a paucity of first names—and lasting about six centuries.

In some cultures, (because of the diversities in language, the disinterest of colonial European Empires, a delay in implementing a bureaucracy and the inability of self government in the African sub-Sahara and China in particular) the generalized use of surnames did not occur until the 20^th century: in 1935 a Turkish law went into effect making surnames mandatory. Jews were late in adopting surnames and often were compelled to do so. Because they were frequently barred from adopting names used by Christians, some simply chose compounds that sounded good, e.g., Rosenthal (“rose valley”). Others were assigned names expressive of the dominant culture’s contempt (e.g., Eselskopf, “donkey’s head”). 

Copyright 1994-2002 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

(My insert below within two (2) enclosed cases.)

Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck (1815-1898), Prince Bismarck-Schonhausen, was a Prussian statesman who united the German states into one empire. Known as the “Iron Chancellor”, he required surnames for the German people before 1875. Most Jews resisted. During the 1870’s, Giuseppe Garibaldi, (1807-1882) and the Italian government also required surnames for the general population upon unification. Most illiterate farmers ignored the decree. In the USA ALL immigrants except Black slaves were required to give surnames. Black Slaves were given surnames on the other hand ONLY when freed if they were literate or if they requested it. Surnames were REQUIRED after the Civil War in 1865. Most illiterate rural Blacks, the American Indian and Eskimo slowly complied with surnames before 1900 when sending their children to compulsory education SEPARATE BUT EQUAL public schools.

It can be said with good amount of certainty, that beginning soon AFTER WW II in 1948 with the birth of the UN and ending sometime before 1955, the entire world including sub-Sahara Africa and Communist China slowly came reluctantly on line with the surname idea and by 1960 the surname became universal. In some countries in sub-Sahara such as Angola, Sierra Leone and Cabo Verde, many took on European (in this case Portuguese) names and surnames. It also can be said for the general Black population in the New World that their surnames are in the main European and they cannot be researched accurately before abolition or the end of the American Civil War in 1865 because sub-Sahara Africa had no surname custom until after the 1930s. 

HISTORICAL ERROR 

The fiction on three (3) separate occasions presented as a non-fiction book and tv miniseries ROOTS, were in flagrant historical error with (1) the name-surname “Kunta Kinte” the main character (assumed surname? revisionism?) (2) the violent raping of a slave by a master slave owner when it was the children of the slave owner who generally mated with slaves and (3) the violent whipping of the slave for not answering to his Anglo American name “Toby.” This IMAGERY is pure revisionism for dramatic fiction effect.

We must admit that ROOTS was a work of fiction in that Black Slaves could not trace their ancestry to a particular part of Africa. Today with DNA we can trace back ancestry to a section of Africa, nothing more. Black slaves were illiterate and not informed of the name of the ship they arrived on. The Black Slaves were young and without the ability to document their journey. Meanwhile their captors documented them only as numbers. Black Slaves had to learn a new tongue and did not spread in the New World a personal African oral history. Their history can only be documented in the New World back to when they received a master or in very rare occasions a place-name or nickname surname or a master’s surname.

The GODFATHER by American Mario Puzo, was in historical error presenting American present-day culture as past culture with the “mister” title-surname “Don Corleone” as the Spanish, Portuguese and Italians use the title DON with the first name only. i.e. Don Juan, Dona Felisa, or Prince Henry and most people in the USA cannot tell you Don Juan’s surname (Tenorio) altho’ they all know of Don Juan. Don (Vito) Corleone should be Don Vito..

(My insert above within two (2) enclosed cases.)

Surname formation often reflects the history and biases of culture. In Spain, partisanship and family pride entered into the process: the first family names originated from the war cries of Christians during the Moorish invasion and associated with a coat of arms. The Spanish surname requires the appendage of the mother’s surname especially if she were important or nobility. Swedish surnames reflect the Swedes’ love of nature, incorporating words such as berg (“mountain”) and blom (“flower”). In Russia, after the 1918 Revolution, many families shed the surnames derived from degrading peasant nicknames (e.g., Krasnoshtanov, “red pants”) and adopted names such as Orlov (“eagle”). 

Copyright 1994-2002 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

SPELLING 

First it must be stipulated that all our experience in the New World is in Roman script and that many cultures even when close in speech and grammer spell differently. The “K” sound is spelled “ch” in Italian and “qu”, “cu”, “ca”, and “co” in Spanish. “K” is Germanic. “SAO” in Portuguese is pronounced as in “SAN” in Spanish, Lisbon in Spanish but spelled Lisboa in Portuguese.. Also spelling changes when used phonetically, the meaning is not completely understood or lost. QUASH and SQUASH are used interchangeably by Americans. Rubio is redhead in Brazil but blond in Spanish. Moreno is a Black man in PR but brunette in Spain. Ahora is NOW in all but Mexico where it is LATER.

QUIRINDONGO in all spelling variations in PR and CURACAO (where the surname KIRING DONGO was the earliest validly documented found so far in 1758) and HOLLAND recent arrivals AFTER WW II all claim ignorance of the source of the village-surname KIRINDONGO in their many variations as well as QUIRINDONGO spelled in Spanish. They are both very old. Everyone agrees the surnames being phonetically similar emanate from the same source in Curacao influenced by the local Dutch Papiamento pidgin spelling. Some Black people in Curacao aver without documentation that the surnames KIRINDONGO and KWIDAMA originally may have come from Africa. But they are weak in substantiating their theory being not well versed in the complete absence of sub Sahara surnames history in Curacao and Africa until 1935. (see above) Surnames were absent in slavery and early Curacao spoken and later written Papiamento. Both surnames surely originated in Curacao but it was the village-surname KIRINDONGO being much older that was subject to many phonetic false cognates or homonyms and spelling changes because of the different phonetic aboriginal and dominant written European languages (Spanish, QUERINDONGO, Dutch Papiamento, KIRING DONGO, KIRINDONGO and again Spanish in PR, namely QUIRINDONGO, in 1780.

KWIDAMA, on the other hand,

1. was not a village place-name,

2. did not change in spelling.

3. has a more recent history (1863) as a surname (its genesis which seems Amerindian at first glance may prove interesting)

4. was NOT on the pre-abolition slave register in Curacao and

Both surnames, KIRINDONGO and KWIDAMA, it is certain without doubt, originated in Curacao and may originally come from Europe but NOT from the sub-Sahara Africa and do NOT exist in the sub-Sahara Africa today and/or ever in sub-Sahara African nor European history in either construct in any way, shape or form in spelling or phonetics except for DONGO which seems to be the PAPIAMENTO for DONCKER that has false cognates as a surname recently in Africa and as a village Dongo and surname in Italy and rarely as a surname in Spain and in Europe.

KWIDAMA on the INTERNET creole 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

English-Swahili Dictionary

The Kamusi Project English-Swahili Dictionary. earth noun, dongo 5/6, pl madongo. ...http://research.yale.edu/swahili/serve_files/browse/e/E/a0.htm - 83k - similar pages

A pair of false cognates consists of two words in different languages that appear to be or are sometimes considered cognates when they're really not. Note that there could be an indirect connection between them; however, only words sharing a common root can be considered real cognates.

i.e. dongo in Swahili = soil, earth, clay

dongo in Papiamento = doncker (only) Anecdotal History Doncker

WRITTEN Papiamento did not come into being and become universally accepted until well AFTER 1800. Before that, very unprofessional (by today’s standards) Spanish and Dutch scribes came from Europe where it was 90% illiterate to do their best in a New World that was 99.9% illiterate.

History of Papiamento starts circa 1450

Before 1500 the Sephardic Portuguese Jews first used European Papiamento in the Slave trade in Africa

sub-Sahara Africa Slaves arrived in the New World after 1500 with no standard language

sub-Sahara Africa Slaves contribute to music with Guene pidgin now extinct and Papiamento

1500 to present the Sephardic Jews continued using European Papiamento

Before 1600 the Sephardic Portuguese-Spanish Jews used European Papiamento in Brazil and the Caribbean

Before 1700 the Sephardic and Ashkenazy Jews made Curacao its headquarters

sub-Sahara Africa Slaves contribution to Papiamento vernacular is meager to non-existent

The oldest document written in Papiamento is a letter from 1775, a message between two members of a Jewish merchant family. In 1802 the British Governor Hughes in a report mentioned the language abroad for the first time. In the 19th century (after over four (4) hundred yrs) Papiamento was finally recognized. The first Papiamento-Dutch dictionary (van Ewijk) a small large type very limited vocabulary and few pages hard cover pocketbook appeared in 1875. It seemed to be useful as a learning to read children’s book

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Important for this Web page is that there was a “K” spelling and also a hard “ng” for KIRING DONGO in 1758. A hard “ng” ending is phonetically alien to Spanish and by extension was alien to Spanish based Papiamento at that time while DONGO fits in to the DONCKER surname in Papiamento rather easily. The Curacao spelling changed to KORSOW during the critical time for my genealogical purpose. Papiamento was approximately more than ¾ pidgin Spanish, and less than 1/10 pidgin Portuguese and 1/10 pidgin Dutch and “other” namely aboriginal (and African?) the remainder during the 1700 - 1800s as per Britannica Encyclopedia. Now with compulsory education in Dutch, the Dutch influence may be higher.  

www.geocities.com/Athens/9479/kreole.html

Papiamento as a pidgin Spanish language for ALL seasons in Curacao invented by Jews

Papiamento the unending four (4) century Portuguese-Spanish-Jews Spanish pidgin morphing later into “pseudo Black vernacular” in Curacao.

SPOKEN Papiamento, on the other hand, is very old. It surely started before 1450 well BEFORE the MIDDLE PASSAGE Slave trade saga, first with the Portuguese Jews and Portuguese in Cabo Verde and Brazil as the short-lived extinct Guene then later before 1550 with the Spanish-Jews in the Caribbean and Terra Firma. It was Spanish and Spanish sounding pidgin Papiamento that became dominant FIRST in Brazil then in the Caribbean especially in Curacao the headquarters for the Papiamento speaking Slave-trading Jews. Blacks today in The Netherlands Antilles inexplicably turn a blind ethnocentric eye towards the Papiamento-Papiamentu vernacular ignoring history and consider it their private unstandardized-in-spelling Black make-believe bogus Creole aboriginal domain without portfolio. This it seems is similar to squatting on land for a long time and owning it without paying.

FALSE highjacked PHONETIC COGNATE

Mumbo Jumbo is a curious hijacked by phonetics word that is not found in the Caribbean or Africa yet Americans usually take it erroneously for sub-Sahara African ascribing it illegitimately and spuriously to Mandingo because it “sounds” sub-Sahara African. Accordingly given mumbo jumbo’s definitions in English, the word in Spanish most closely associated and synonymous would be SAMBUMBIA.

It was coined during the time when Great Britain was colonizing areas of the globe inhabited by native tribes that practiced mysterious and puzzling rituals which were then called "Mumbo Jumbo", after a supposed idol. One of the sources for the English usage is the Vachel Lindsay poem The Congo, which contains the phrase "Mumbo-Jumbo, God of the Congo". Some believe mumbo jumbo is a translation of the Swahili greeting "Mambo Jambo".^[1]

Since mumbo jumbo makes its first appearance in script in Charles Dicken’s 1812-1870 classic works in England and then later in the equally classic children’s story about India LITTLE BLACK SAMBO and parents Mumbo (mother) and Jumbo (father) by Helen Bannerman 1862-1946 of England but long-time resident of India, it may have a Hindu origin along with mugger, hugger mugger, thug, bungalow, khaki (Persian), dinghy, curry (Tamil), ginger, mantra, karma, dungaree, guru, jungle, juggernaut, pundit, pajamas, shampoo, yoga, nirvana, loot, cummerbund, bandana chintz, kismet (Turk), swami, meditation (Latin?) and a host of others.

African and New World”religions” have no mumbo jumbo

There is a Mandingo false cognate “Mama Dyumbo” in Niger

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Sub-Sahara Africa has contributed little to the European Spanish-based pidgin Papiamento because Slavery brought the very young pliable Black Slaves who could quickly change and adapt linguistically from their innumerable dialects to the pidgin Papiamento Spanish language of the New World and be sold able to communicate with people of Spanish Terra Firma and the other islands of the Spanish Caribbean.

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QUILILONGO false cognate found in Chile, Spain, Netherlands and here and here.

The Papiamento surname BARIEDONGO BARRIO DONCKER? (claims father changed surname from QUIRINDONGO or KIRINDONGO) appears in Curacao and Venezuela There are no Bariedongo in present day Curacao.

Books about PUERTO RICO

Books on PR from rootsweb
Books and Websites on Taino culture.

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Maria Magdalena and ONLY Maria Magdalena who requested the patronymic and/or toponymic split surname KIRING DONGO appears in the freed from bond slave register in 1758, one hundred five (105) yrs prior to abolition. Not one other KIRINDONGO in any spelling variation appears in the freed from bond slave register altho’ free Black women KIRINDONGO buy real estate and an insurrection occurs in Curacao 1816-21 fifty eight (58) yrs AFTER Maria Magdalena’s manumission - and forty two (42) yrs two (2) generations before abolition. QUIRINDONGO was a PR Spanish spelling innovation in 1780 – twenty two (22) yrs one (1) generation after Maria Magdalena was manumitted. Had Black Pedro KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO not gone to PR in 1780, the surname QUIRINDONGO would have followed the same syndrome as KWIDAMA and not have survived spelled in Spanish.

Other ideas:

(1) it was an Amerindian village place-name in Curacao when the Spanish had held “Curazao” since 1499 for one hundred twenty three (1634-1499=123) yrs six (6) generations, and

(2) two hundred fifty seven (1758-1499=257) yrs thirteen (13) generations of a Spanish language immediate area and a mild but controlling Dutch but heavily Sephardic Spanish-Portuguese Papiamento vernacular presence and

(3) the appearance of KIRING DONGO so early in 1758, two hundred five (1970-1758=212) years - ten (10) generations BEFORE African surnames appeared in the New World circa 1970 begs the four (4) questions:

1.) Is the pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO a Caiquetio Amerindian village place-name word plus a European Dutch surname DONCKER…?… or

2.) Is the pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO a European German surname KIRING plus a European Dutch surname DONCKER…?… or

3.) Is the pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO a European Dutch surname KRING or the corrupted European French surname QUIRIN plus a European Dutch surname DONCKER…?… or

4.) Is the pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO two (2) Dutch European surnames QUIRIJN plus a European Dutch surname DONCKER corrupted into written Dutch Papiamento in 1758?

Only the absence of a hard “g” mitigates against the latter (2) theories.

KRING is the Dutch word for “ring” but it seems to be a false cognate altho’ my Aunt Mercedes told me various times that the KIRING was “Dutch for KRING ” My Uncle Cheo changed his name to KRINGDON and said it is much closer to the “original Dutch.” Both now deceased may have meant Dutch Papiamento and therefore truthful. Also “Kring” is difficult to say in Spanish or pidgin Papiamento.

ALL SLAVES MANUMITTED by Nathaniel Ellis note many lack surnames

The fact that Sub-Sahara Africa Blacks had taken on surnames (not their master’s surname) in Europe, Peru and Mexico before 1600 shows that a system was in place very early in these countries for Sub-Sahara Africa Blacks and others to gain their freedom.

Curacao also had a system of Slaves buying out from their master’s bondage before abolition but not for surnames as early as 1700 - one hundred fifty (150) yrs prior to abolition as the Curacao's pre-abolition manumission register shows. The West Indies and especially Curacao in particular did not have a system for adding an independent surname describing their Race nor their African heritage.

This means that in Europe, Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay where Blacks were less than one (1%) of the population surnames were required from first and second generation illiterate Blacks who remembered Africa in the various European and New World countries circa 1550 three hundred (300) yrs before abolition unlike Curacao where Blacks were more than four hundred (400%) of the population. In 1789 the population of the Whites in Curacao peaked at circa four thousand (3,964) and the Black population peaked at over sixteen thousand (16,580). Source: Hartog (1968), p. 222

In Curacao before abolition there seems to be the custom of manumitted Blacks taking on no surnames and of the few that chose surnames they are in either European Dutch, Jewish, Portuguese, Spanish or perhaps also in indigenous Amerindian Caiquetio place-names all in Papiamento. ie. CURAZAO ARUBA therefore all migrants from Curacao to PR may have been from the KIRINDONGO town and not surnamed at first in Curacao before entering PR and for this reason did not have the Dutch origin of KIRING DONGO in their oral history.

Because piped water was of dubious quality, the town water vendor remained an important part of daily life until well into the twentieth century. An artifact of a branding iron “KD” could have been for a fleet of water toting donkeys..

 KIRING DONGO BRANDING IRON shown by NAAM in Curacao?

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Curiosity

Aruba has a considerably high GDP per capita income

$11,200 more than PR and $16,600 more than Curacao

Aruba’s ethnology is eighty (80%) White-Amerindian

GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $28,000

Unemployment rate: 0.6% (2003 est.)

The Cayman Islands enjoy one of the highest outputs per capita

and one of the highest standards of living in the world.

GDP - per capita: - $32,300 (2004 est.)

Bermuda enjoys the highest  standard of living in the world

GDP - per capita: - $69,900 (2004 est.)

From Cristobal Colon log
 Saturday, 13th of October 1492
"As soon as dawn broke many of these people came to the beach, all youths, as I have said, and 
all of good stature, a very handsome people. Their hair is not curly, but loose and coarse, like 
horse hair. In all the forehead is broad, more so than in any other people I have hitherto seen. 
Their eyes are very beautiful and not small, and themselves far from black, but the color of the 
Canarians. Nor should anything else be expected, as this island is in a line east and west from 
the island of Hierro in the Canaries.”

Cristobal Colon and crew 1492

Cristobal Colon was blond blue eyed The word “rubio” sounds like a red hue but in Spanish it means blond.

Curacao’s ethnology is (80%) Mulatto and Black

GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity $11,500.

Unemployment rate: 12.8% (1997 est.)..).

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Altho' all QUIRINDONGO from Curacao are included and listed here, we must stress that they did not obtain their surname from the same place or procedure.

1) Some were given the surname when freed in abolition 1863 in Curacao

2) Some acquired the surname thru' marriage

3) Some can say they can trace their lineage with no documentation to before Maria Magdalena 1758 in Curacao

4) Some have the oral history of QUIRINDONGO being a combination of two (2) Dutch surnames

5) Others say that Quirindongo is the combination of a place-name (Amerindian) and the surname Doncker

In any case there is no unifying family origin uncovered so far except for the Quirindongo of El Rucio in Peñuelas PR which I can trace back to Juan Nicolas circa 1740 of CuracaoThe surname origin comes from the Papiamento place-name KIRINDONGO in Curacao during or before Governor Jan DONCKER circa 1650. The ethnicity of the split surname KIRING DONGO and place-name KIRINDONGO seems to be Dutch spelled in Papiamento. QUIRINDONGO is the PR 1780 Spanish spelling innovation.

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Dialects in Suriname

Amerindian words.

Ebonics = English spoken by “African-Americans” 1 2 3

Estranjeros En PR

Curacao directory

Click below

1. THE CASE FOR SPANISH ORIGIN rejected… 

2. THE CASE FOR INDIGENOUS CURACAO ORIGIN… 

3. THE CASE FOR DUTCH ORIGIN… 

4. THE CASE AGAINST AFRICAN ORIGIN (whole or in part)…  

Any combination of all 4 origins of KIRINDONGO in Spanish, Indigenous Amerindian, Dutch. (or African ?)

NOT NECESSARILY IN THAT ORDER.

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QUIRINDONGO Diaspora on WEB

Timelines in World History as it influenced PR… 

My conclusions

Oral History

RACIAL makeup of QUIRINDONGO

Fraudulent NAAM “facts”

QUIRINDONGO PROGENY

COMMENTS by David Powell PhD Australia, Luis Quirindongo in PR and Marilu Mercalina in Florida … 

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johnqu@aol.com

personal web page

http://www.myfamily.com/

user name………………guestq

password……………….48guest

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guest

Yolanda Cardona QUIRINDONGO ycardona@amfam.com

mother Ana Maria QUIRINDONGO siblings Amelia, Gloria, Hipolito, Ernesto, Guillermo, that died and Cruz, Juan,

gfather Antonio QUIRINDONGO

ggfather Alejandro QUIRINDONGO

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daily visits posted on monthly basis since Web Page inception on May 10^th 2004