Oral History
John Henry Quirindongo
Arroyo Me and Wife
(Holland)
1400 Kiring and Doncker (Curacao) 1650 Kiring Dongo
(Puerto Rico)
1780 Quirindongo
Spanish language and Papiamento used by functionally-literates
in 99% of PR and 99% of Curacao 1493-1950
DNA free
video by mail or download
audio and video
DNA
AND SURNAME - YDNA history of QUIRINDONGO
Ethnic phenotypic
composition of present day PR
Quirindongo and variations now living in
Holland
Sambumbu
From the Spanish “Sambumbia” = turmoil – mixed-up mess
Sambumbu depicted erroneously as a Slave shack by CaribSeek
Sambumbu as a surname appears recently in Kenya sub-Sahara Africa.
Curacao influenced Sambumbu Artist in Holland
Translation from Dutch and Papiamento together with comments on SAMBUMBU and manumission below submitted by Christel Monsanto in Curacao who researched and helped immeasurably in my quest.
Sambumbu – Volkskunde - Dutch translation
“peoples knowledge” (Oral History) by Padre Paul Brenneker
Chapter #3, p. 738
“An area known as
Kirindongo - also spelled Girindongo” (& Curindongo -1826), “also known as
geluk” - Dutch-Luck (suerte-Spanish) “is situated to the EAST (sic?) of Santa Rosa.”
Today it sits as
Kirindongo Abao (Abou) NORTHWEST of Santa Rosa east of Bonam (sometimes spelled Bonham.)
Chapter #3 p. 739
“Kirindongo Abao (Abou) is
an area to the east of
Bonam” (this one is still on the map, more a neighborhood-barrio.)
Chapter #5, p. 1224
WANDONGO
= an extinct small locality name in Curacao. Here the explanation is not given, but “Wan” is
dialect for “Juan”, which could mean that Dongo is perhaps a surname like i.e.
the Dutch “Doncker” a very familiar surname here (Curacao) and in Holland. If
we follow this line of thought we end up with someone called: Juan, Wan or Jan DONCKER (a
Governor Jan DONCKER existed in Curacao 1673 - 1679 and Jan
Simonszoon DONCKER existed as Commander of Statia 3x between 1700 - 1714)
and KIRING DONGO could be KRING or QUIRIJN DONCKER.
“Doncker” is a
long-standing surname post 1634 in Statia with links to Curacao
through the Doncker-Ellis
Family.
KIRINDONGO, DONCKER and DONKER never appear in Aruba nor in Bonaire.
Chapter #6, p. 1536
Kirindongo song lyric sung
using Spanish-Dutch pidgin Papiamento by Elia Benzan:
Original Kirindongo
song lyrics in Papiamento
”Kirindongo
Djan Galina a mata hende
el a bai
Kirindongo
ma weg’i cuchu mi no por
Kirindongo
Djan Galina a drenta barcu
el a bai
Kirindongo
weg’i floret mi no por
Kirindongo”
(T1216)
Spanish translation
Juan Gallina a matar gente el va
El juego de cuchillo (espada? esgrima? estreza?) no es para mi
Juan Gallina adentro barco el va
El juego de florete no es para mi
English translation
John chicken to kill people, he goes
The knife (epee? sabre? fencing?) game is not for me
John chicken (hiding?dead?) inside a boat, he goes
The foil game is not for me
(Floret = foil - weapon used in fencing)
(T1216 - not explained)
Elia Benzan??? There is no surname Benzan in Curacao.
KIRINDONGO
song subjective interpretation
Wandongo/Jan/Juan
Doncker after quitting his job as Governor in 1679 quietly followed the most
profitable Curacao work-syndrome called the Asiento
of 1675 an outgrowth WIC agreement of the New Netherlands
Company - a contract with Spanish and/or Portuguese Slave
traders of buying and caring
for ill slaves that had sickened in
route to the New World for further shipment to Brazil or other West Indian
countries from the staging and auction area of Statia because the
Kirindongo/Wandongo oasis had plenty of healthy potable well-water.
In the song
Kirindongo “Djan” is a Jan/Juan Doncker metaphor depicted as founder of
Wandongo-Kirindongo water oasis area.
Jan/Juan Doncker an independently minded icon was famous for carrying a
knife or sword he used to threaten people and when he died his body ultimately
sent to Statia where the Doncker family had resided originally in the New World
and where many were buried. The Kirindongo song alludes in a timeless manner by
an illiterate people to a failed insurrection and an era in Curacao’s history
of savagery and cruelty to Black
Slaves and against indigenous free dissident Blacks
that the present and past governorship of Curacaoam
and the present and past Dutch history books prefer to forget.
With the bankruptcy
of the WIC in 1791 who during its 2x bankruptcy in multi-centuries old
piratical and criminal existence ultimately could not keep its head above the RED INK of debt the
use of the Kirindongo/Wandongo oasis for rehabilitating slaves was slowly
phased out and a larger volume of well-water recommenced to Willemstad and
beyond to be sold from Kirindongo by donkey and mule continually for three (3)
hundred yrs 1640 – 1940 with Black women loudly shouting KIRIND0NGO (Fresh
water from the wells of Jan/Wandongo) ensuring Kirindongo kept its unusual
place-name AFTER many including my QUIRINDONGO Fa. left for PR starting in 1780
a generation BEFORE and in spite of
two British occupations of Curacao (1800-02 and 1807-16) and an insurrection
in Kirindongo “East Division” of free Blacks in militia in 1821.
The Kirindongo oasis (xaguey) had a symbiotic relation with Willemstad and in tandem with the Statia Slave trading district and was an important semi-autonomous or autonomous region that was always profitable selling water to Willemstad and the Slave trade. It furnished enough high-grade well water for over one hundred fifty (150) yrs in combination with the Jesurun Fa. (Jeshurun) from the time of Wandongo/Jan/Juan Doncker in 1680 until the militia insurrection in 1821 and after 1821 joining with Senior & Co. to produce Curacao liqueurs. A rebellion in 1821 of lower class impoverished Black Slaves can be expected but an insurrection of free Black middle-class people in the Kirindongo militia who seemed to be in charge of a large water supply during the slavery years two (2) generations before abolition is hard to explain.
Since 1890, American wind turbines were imported for irrigation of the land. In 1928, a seawater distillery called Aqualectra, for production of drinking water was put into use eventually putting out of business the long-time commerce remaining of quality well water from the town of KIRINDONGO. Today KIRINDONGO ABOU and KIRINDONGO ARIBA remain in a smaller and less important way a continuous populated area of people who forgot their own recent history repressed because of the widespread Curacao and PR illiteracy of the pre-1930s.
Date of Kirindongo song not available. The book Sambumbu by Padre Paul Brennaker was published between 1975 and 1977.
“We know from author Padre Brenneker who can be
trusted with his Oral History that the Kirindongo barrio was known already in
1826 by that name. (This is late since history books mention the 1821 insurrection
of the town of Kirindongo militia and various land deeds mention the town
Kirindongo during the British occupation 1800-1816) .
Kirindongo eventually becomes a small barrio
Kirindongo Abou losing its pre-history importance. There is also an even smaller
Kirindongo ariba nearby. Abou and ariba are Papiamento words directly from
Spanish showing a pre-Dutch 1499-1634 history.
In the birth records book (slaven register) checked
1838-1863 (time of the abolition of slavery in Dutch colonies), could not find one
Black or Mulatto Slave child born with the surname Kirindongo in any variation.
After 1863 there appears many Black or Mulatto children suddenly in all
variations.” Note:: the Kirindongo area exists prominently before and during
this era and that the QUIRINDONGO of PR predates written Curacao Kirindongo
town history having arrived in Penuelas PR in 1780.
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The
only Quirindongo variation surname found in MANUMISSION in the “freed from
bondage list” in Jun 1758 re-enforcing and justifying the KIRINDONGO PLACE-NAME and the
Wandongo/Kirindongo connection..
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Translation in quotes from Dutch and Papiamento together with my added comments on Kirindongo, SAMBUMBU and
manumission above submitted by Christel
Monsanto a German born
National living in Curacao who researched and helped immeasurably in my quest.
////////////////////////////////////////
ALL
SLAVES MANUMITTED BY Nathaniel Ellis note: most lack surnames
The fact that Sub-Sahara Africa Blacks had taken on surnames (not their
master’s surname) in Europe, Peru and Mexico before 1600 shows that a system
was in place very early in these countries for Sub-Sahara Africa Blacks and others to gain their freedom.
Curacao also had a system of Slaves buying out from their master’s bondage before abolition but not for surnames as early as 1700 - one hundred fifty (150) yrs prior to abolition as the Curacao's pre-abolition manumission register shows. The West Indies and especially Curacao in particular did not have a system for adding an independent surname describing their Race nor their African heritage.
This means that in Europe, Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay where Blacks were less than one (1%) of the population surnames were required from first and second generation illiterate Blacks who remembered Africa with Sub Sahara place-names and Latin script references to their Black Race in the various European and New World countries circa 1550 three hundred (300) yrs before abolition unlike Curacao where Blacks were more than ninety percent (90%) of the population. In 1789 the population of the Whites in Curacao peaked at circa four thousand (3,964) and the Black population peaked at over sixteen thousand (16,580). Source: Hartog (1968), p. 222
In Curacao and Holland before abolition there seems to be the custom of manumitted Blacks taking on no surnames and of the few that chose surnames the surnames are in either European Dutch, Jewish, Portuguese, Spanish i.e. Negron, Pardo, Schwartz BLACK or ZWART <Swart> SWART and also in indigenous Amerindian Caiquetio place-names all in Papiamento. i.e. CURAZAO ARUBA therefore many migrants from Curacao to PR may have been from the KIRINDONGO town and not surnamed at first in Curacao before entering PR and for this reason some of the free QUIRINDONGO Blacks arrived in PR before and after 1800 did not have the Dutch origin of KIRING DONGO in their oral history.
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Negerin Maria Magdalena and ONLY Negerin Maria
Magdalena requested the patronymic and/or toponymic surname KIRING DONGO of the few surnames that appear
in the freed from bond slave register on June 1, 1758, one hundred five (105)
yrs five (5) generations prior to abolition. Not one other KIRINDONGO in any
spelling variation appears in the freed from bond slave register altho’ free Black
women surnamed KIRINDONGO buy real estate and an insurrection
occurs in the town of KIRINDONGO Curacao 1816-21 fifty eight (58) yrs three (3) generations
AFTER Maria Magdalena’s manumission - and forty two (42) yrs two (2)
generations before abolition. QUIRINDONGO appeared in PR and was a PR Spanish
spelling innovation in 1780 - twenty two (22) yrs one (1) generation after
Maria Magdalena was manumitted. Had Black Pedro KIRING DONGO later QUIRINDONGO
not gone to PR in 1780, the surname QUIRINDONGO would have followed the same
syndrome as KWIDAMA and not have survived spelled in Spanish. We can also say
that anyone from the town of KIRINDONGO would perhaps be called by surname or
nickname KIRINDONGO or KIRING DONGO.
Other ideas:
(1) KIRIN(G) was an
Amerindian village place-name for oasis
in Curacao when the Spanish had held “Curazao” since 1499 for one hundred twenty
three (1634-1499=123) yrs six (6) generations, and
(2) Two hundred fifty seven (1758-1499=257) yrs thirteen (13)
generations of a Spanish language immediate area and a mild but controlling
Dutch but heavily Sephardic Spanish-Portuguese Papiamento vernacular presence
and
(3) The appearance of a
KIRING DONGO surname assigned to a freed slave so early in 1758, two hundred
five (1970-1758=212) years - ten (10) generations BEFORE African surnames
appeared in the New World circa 1970 begs the four (4) questions:
1.) Is the pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING
DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO a Caiquetio Amerindian village
place-name word plus a European Dutch surname DONCKER… or
2.) Is the pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING
DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO a European
Dutch surname KRING
or the European German surname KIRING
plus a European Dutch surname DONCKER…?…
or
3.) Is the pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING
DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO a corrupted European French surname QUIRIN
plus a European Dutch surname DONCKER…
or
4.) Is the pidgin Spanish Papiamento surname KIRING
DONGO later QUIRINDONGO and KIRINDONGO two (2) Dutch European surnames QUIRIJN
plus a European Dutch surname
DONCKER corrupted into written Dutch Papiamento in 1758?
Only the absence of a hard “g mitigates against the
latter (2) theories.
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Why according to Padre Brenneker were Kirindongo
and present day Kirindongo abou so far from each other?Was the
town of Kirindongo a much larger area than today? Was there a larger Kirindongo
Ariba? And a large town of Kirindongo?
Macroscopic view of
“first” detail map of Curacao Kirindongo
and KIRINDONGO ABOU as per Padre Brenneker. (Note: no WILLEMSTAD) click for
close-ups of the “wells of fresh water.”
Fort Amsterdam 1775
See Chapter #3, p. 738 & p. 739 (above)
////////////////////////
“It appears, accordingly, from the experience of all
ages and nations, I believe, that the work done by freemen comes cheaper in the
end than that performed by slaves. It is found to do so even at Boston, New
York, and Philadelphia, where the wages of common labour are so very high.” THE WEALTH OF NATIONS
1776 Adam Smith
“In 1776 the British philosopher and economist Adam Smith declared in his classic economic study, The Wealth of Nations, that slavery was uneconomical because the plantation system was a wasteful use of land and because slaves cost more to maintain than free laborers.” Smith inferred that the Slave countries and Slave areas similar to the trickle down theory would remain poor while the “free laborers” areas would prosper.
NYC, Philadelphia and Boston became world leaders in finance and industry quickly before 1800 within one (1) generation after independence with new inventions (sewing machine, the steam engine, standardized, interchangeable parts, the assembly line, the cotton gin, electricity, the tobacco, fur and world trade.) The American NORTH “free laborers” worker, sweat shop women workers and child labor workers grew in population and industrialization at a rapid rate in the North when the USA accepted from the close of the Revolutionary War to 1819 the incredible 250,000 strong poor north European immigrant masses and millions more after 1850. Nearly 4.5 Million immigrants entered the country. The North was 9x larger in GDP than the three (3) crop cotton, corn and tobacco SOUTH “slave States” during the Civil War. The North continued to outpace the South in European migration, inventions, finance, industry, Unions and high-paying jobs until well after WW II when the high-tech service economy spread westward and ultimately southward.
In 1933 during THE GREAT DEPRESSION President Franklin Roosevelt gave us THE NEW DEAL putting money in the hands of the lower classes and revamping the banking and tax system. There was after 1933 and again after 1946 in the USA an enormous leap forward in infrastructure, housing and road networks along with a rise in the middle-class with college proficiency, upward mobility and suburbanization. FDR changed a giant capitalistic country into a middle-class semi-socialist country envied by the world. Later and in tandem a wide government, business and home knowledge in computer skills permeated every sector of life in the USA making tedious labor-intensive work easier in every sector of life and business.
REAGAN ERA
A shift of major proportions that is still in place took place in the era of Ronald Reagan in January 20, 1981 starting with two (2) yrs of recession in favor of the Rich-class. The solar cells installed on the White House roof by Jimmy Carter were the first thing removed. Oil remained King. The lower classes were ignored. No longer would the ability of upward social mobility be easy. The Rich got richer and there was no so-called “trickle down” effect. Immediately after tax cuts Reagan and USA has a two (2) year recession. Money had never “trickled down” to the lower classes nor did it trickle up as before with the small business profit and Union fair wages labor interaction, Federal taxes got lower mainly for the Rich and manual work with automation got easier.. Rural States who never had State income taxes and sales taxes were forced to institute them. While federal taxes got smaller higher State, City and sales taxes were instituted with the effect that the lower classes began to carry the bigger burden of total taxes inappropriately. In 1986 Reagan then passed the largest tax increased yet unsurpassed in history. November 1986 Reagan signed the Immigration Reform and Control Act and Aliens. The debt grew larger and larger (exceeding the later national debt of G.W.BUSH), the stock market free-fall the deregulation of the S & L banks and massive bank failures the appointment of liberal Sandra Day O’Connor and getting advice from Joan Quigley Astrologer all were forgotten and Reagan’s perennial pleasant personality of quips and big grin even after an assassination attempt and incipient and worsening mental lapses growing to full blown Alzheimer’s and the lame excuse in forgetting the Iran Contra affair made him forever increasingly popular despite his many faux pas (the homeless were happy being homeless) and endeared by the majority although his administration was clearly a colossal failure that has endured and will endure many more yrs after his passing. Unions and later the World economy after 1987 made Labor too expensive in the North and jobs, big business, housing and infrastructure development spread South and West. The Reagan era began pushing the pre-Hoover robber baron power elite to the fore with neocons and beginning a deadly privatization attack on the FDR New Deal. Supply side economics was a total failure. Demand side economics is a total success.
After 1990 reducing the cost of labor through high technology and developing a service economy seemed to be the answer. Consider the thousands of factory assembly workers or telephone operators that were replaced in a short time by automation,… after all to get away from the manufacturing hand labor and get into the service sector is why all of us go to college and university and become doctors, lawyers and specialists in business, politics and medicine. Today 2004 “exporting labor intensive jobs” to countries that can produce similar quality goods cheaply with “free laborers” with state of the art automation in a low wage economy is seen as the key to success in a WORLD ECONOMY for both the high tech high consumer service oriented countries of USA, Canada, Japan and Europe and the “free laborers” sweat shop workers and child labor manufacturer oriented countries of China, Latin America and SE Asia.
GORBECHEV
The USSR imploded politically/economically in 1991 during the third yr into the George H.W.Bush presidency but many others take credit or are given praise. Gorbachev was surprisingly given the Nobel peace prize in October 16, 1990 for pulling out of Afghanistan glasnost and perestroika leading peacefully to the USSR implosion. Republican “true believers” credit in retrospect the Alzheimer Reagan by his lying about the power of the always failing STARWARS initiative thereby escalating the “ARMS RACE.” The rest of the world was and still is puzzled by the convoluted logic of all USA Republican “hacks” who keep repeating the Reagan mantra of spending too much needlessly on the military since all previous USA Presidents since FDR did same….
Adam Smith made a prediction in 1776 that has held true and continues today. The cost of labor is much less when the worker is free, unorganized and works by the hour. Democracy, Communism, Socialism, Fascism or dictatorship has no bearing on the productivity of any nation. Germany was economically viable as a Fascist dictatorship but unfortunately chose militarism and extremism as an effective world dominating solution. We can see today 2004 the rapid dynamic rise of Communist China as an economic miracle that is expected to surpass the gross GDP and consumerism of the USA in near future (2015-2025?) sometime after the completion and utilization of the THREE GORGES DAM. A “market” economy and world trade has been the catalyst. The Communist political system showed no adverse effect on their industrial miracle. The THREE GORGES DAM is currently (2004) finished and will take two (2) yrs to fill. The entire project is to be completed by 2009 when all 26 generators will be able to generate power. This additional power will be a small percentage of the anticipated energy needs of China (and India) in the future. Already today in 2005 the price of energy (oil) has doubled and prospects are that it will go higher.
OSAMA
BIN LADEN
Even Osama Bin Laden who funded 9/11 credits himself as the prime reason for the USSR bankruptcy implosion saying the Afghan war was too costly for Russia and Bin Laden alluded 2x in a 1998 “fatwa” and again on video on December 2001 that he is using the same strategy to bankrupt against the USA in Afghanistan and Iraq to expel the USA from Arab lands. This mantra was reiterated by the nineteen (19) “martyrs” of 9/11 in anniversary videos.
G.W.BUSH
IRAQ DEBACLE
This terrorism by a small cadre of martyrs is the preferred strategy to fight military hi-tech super powers. Stingers were successful against the USSR and now IEDs successful again in Iraq with car-bombs especially in the six (6) mile highway from the Baghdad airport to the city of Baghdad. The USA it seems cannot secure the city of Baghdad and the short six (6) mile strip and combat the old non hi-tech strategy during five (5) long yrs of old-fashioned IED roadside bombs placed at night. It also seems that the USA leadership did not and cannot institute a policy of night-patrols using helicopters, high-tech night goggles and other night equipment to minimize the heavy USA road trauma, body parts and daylight death toll. Instead G.W.Bush has gone to big efforts to avoid this small highway on his trips to Iraq. Deregulation and credit card debt has fueled inflation and defined the G W Bush administration.
In Africa, Afghanistan, the USA and now Iraq ALL terrorism was and is funded by oil revenue tithes to the Zackat - In the Way of Allah (normally taken to mean helping those fighting [jihad]) by means of Wahabi suicide-bomber volunteers as in 9/11 from the madrasahs of “our friends” in Saudi Arabia (and Pakistan) to damage and confuse and inflict high cost to the USA political-economic structure in order to expel the USA Military from Arab lands. The most credible and successful strategy to bankrupt first USSR and now USA comes from Osama Bin Laden. After all in G.W.Bush’s warped blood-lust mind “money trumps peace.”
If in retrospect we analyze the Vietnam War where political ideologies were involved and the Algerian war where oil was involved both of which parallel the Iraq war what will become clear if we see movies such as INDOCHINE and UMBRELLAS OF CHERBOURG is how foolish was our involvement and how doomed to failure they were from the very beginning. Both USA Democrat and Republican administrations blundered and were misguided in similar ventures: propelled by lies - one in Vietnam escalated by the gulf of Tonkin LIE and the other in Iraq with the weapons of mass destruction LIE. Smaller ventures in Grenada Haiti and Panama were also driven by lies as well as the IRAN-CONTRA AFFAIR.
The
seeds of USA political destruction
.//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1785 - 1816 Mass exodus of (free) people (with money) from Curacao due to Slave Revolt, Politics, Economic downturn, Disease and weather. ---- “Chaos” Pg 277 and “Emigration Pg 301 Emmanuel and Emmanuel JEWS OF THE NETHERLANDS ANTILLES” CaribSeek Books | Economic Stagnation and Decline | Roots of our Future by Linda M. Rupert
Table
1
Curacao’s Population: 1789-1833
|
|
1789 |
1817 |
1833 |
|
Whites (including
Jews) (Many were white-looking mulatto) |
3,964 |
2,780 |
2,602 |
|
Free Colored |
2,776 |
4,549 |
6,531 |
|
Slaves |
12,804 |
6,765 |
5,894 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
19,544 |
14,094 |
15,027 |
|
Source: Hartog (1968), p. 222 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
These
numbers show that there was an exodus of White people. a diminution of the amount
of Slaves and a proliferation of free Blacks in Curacao when QUIRINDONGO
arrived in PR
While some “Whites (including Jews)” had
limited schooling, “Free Coloreds (including mulatto Jews)” and “Slaves” had none.
A statistical commission was created in 1845 conducting a census.
The total figures in PR are:
Whites............................
216,083 Most White phenotypes had Amerindian and/or Black mtDNA
Free colored....................175,791 included free blacks,
Amerindians, mulattos and mixtures of each.
Slaves................….......... 51,265 included blacks, Amerindians,
mulattos and mixtures of each
Total.................…......... 443,139
Mulatto widespread in PR but White
phenotype Amerindian mingled mtDNA in majority
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Was Sabina DIAS later (Maria) Sabina DIAS
1789 marriage to Pedro QUIRINDONGO “negro olandes” in 1818 WILL originally Portuguese Jewish?
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Jews in the West Indies Jewish Slave Traders
Jewish
Portuguese DIAS families of Curacao
Dias, Branca (-)
Dias Brandao, Benvenida (-1808)
Dias Brandao, Esther Salomon (-27 APR 1902)
Dias Brandao, Raphael (-)
Dias Brandao, Raphael (1686-1735)
Dias Brandao, Salomon Nathan (-)
Dias Brandon, Benjamin (-)
Dias Brandon, Benjamin alias Francesco (1662-)
Dias da Fonseca, Estevao (-)
Dias, David (-)
Dias do Valle, Filipe (Philippe) (ABT 1600-)
Dias, Ester (-26 DEC 1700)
Dias, Esther (-)
Dias Fernandez, Ribca de Isaac (BEF 1764 62-)
Dias, Isaac (-)
Dias, Rachel (-)
Dias, Rephael (-)
Dias Santilhano, Jacob de Mordechai (-)
Dias Santilhano, Mordechai (-)
Dias, Violante (-)
Dias, Rachael
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,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Table
2
The Jewish Population of Curaçao (1750-1865)
|
|
|||||||||
“Fewer than
350 Jews remain on the island today, out of an overall population of 125,000. The
steady decrease in population is attributable to the flight of the youth, who
usually leave the island to attend university, and rarely return.”
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Because piped water was of
dubious quality, the town water vendor remained an important part of daily life
until well into the twentieth century. An artifact of a branding iron “KD”
could have been for a fleet of water toting donkeys.
Kirindongo may have been the word loudly used by the women selling a better brand of water from the wells of the town of Kirindongo as the water carrying donkeys traveled the streets of Willemstad.
KIRING DONGO BRANDING IRON shown by NAAM in Curacao?
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Oral
History, the BIBLE and conspiracy theories
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Conclusion
Whatever the case may be, Padre Brenneker’s
contribution to Black and Papiamento Oral
History although flawed is nevertheless worthwhile and at the very least
interesting. It is cited by the museum NAAM frequently and sometimes
incorrectly since both NAAM and Padre Brenneker never credit correctly the huge
Spanish continuing influence from nearby Venezuela to Papiamento for 500 yrs
and its Amerindian past. Also we must realize that Curacao being illiterate and
bereft of indigenous written history until recently had a need for a beginnings
of some kind of written history written by its inhabitants no matter how late,
inaccurate, distorted or ethnocentric it may be.
NAAM and
Padre Brenneker have never quite understood:
(1) The pervasive European Portuguese-Spanish origin of Spanish pidgin Papiamento (1499-1950) and the European origin of the words SAMBUMBU and KIRINDONGO in particular,
(2) The small Dutch effect on Papiamento from 1634 to 1950 and the difficulty of Dutch Scribes in writing the Spanish pidgin Papiamento vernacular for an illiterate population
(3) The ambiguity and unreliability of post 1950 Oral History without comprehensive intelligible documentation but instead relying on hearsay from illiterate inhabitants who invent fantasy and urban legends surrounding their ancestry and History.
(4) The meager contribution 500 yrs ago of sub-Sahara Africa’s numerous one thousand plus (1,000+) dialects to European Portuguese-Spanish and Spanish pidgin Papiamento
(5)
The
temptation to ascribe words in European Spanish pidgin Papiamento to sub-Sahara Africa adding
to the bogus nature and confusion, words like SAMBUMBU and KIRINDONGO, which are made up of “predominantly occlusive consonants, one
of the distinguishing features of most Sub-Saharan languages.” That is to erroneously
say, it “looks” and “sounds” African
therefore it is African because it has “occlusive consonants that require a burst
of air and some cheek action to pronounce: like the B, K, D, etc.”
(6)
The
big impact that the cities
and commerce in the Spanish speaking West Indies and Terra
Firma “THE SPANISH MAIN” had
developing and spreading the Spanish language in general and the Spanish pidgin
Papiamento of Curacao in particular
(7)
The
use of the “u” ending artificially i.e. European rooted words like Papiamento-Papiamentu and Sambumbia-Sambumbu are used wrongly to make the written Papiamento language “look” more
African.
(8)
The
importance of the “hoi paloi” common people in absence of proper schooling and
literacy keeping vibrant the useful Papiamento which could be used readily in
everyday commerce with nearby Suriname Venezuela
and Colombia
versus the difficulty in communicating and trading with the distant far away
Holland and occasional use of the Dutch language similar to the
Catholic Church officially using the dead language Church Latin for over one
thousand (1,000) yrs in their services all over the world rendering Church
Latin unintelligible not useful to their worldwide secular members.
(9)
The
language of Castilian Spanish was standardized
after 1492. Papiamento was never standardized.
Also it is difficult to track someone who is
illiterate with no written past inheriting a plot of land in some cases with no
written deed issued since the prior
owner was deceased and other cases no money passed hands. Many times Black
slaves squatted on the land and thus acquired it over time before and after
abolition.
Illiteracy and ethnocentrism always poses big problems in Genealogy and
History - then (in 1950 with Padre Brenneker and Elis JULIANA when Curacao was
mostly illiterate) but more so now today in 2004 in the age of high tech
computers. In the case of my unusual surname QUIRINDONGO the Spanish pidgin
Papiamento vernacular split surname KIRING DONGO in 1758 Slavery and the Dutch
East Indies factor confuses the surname issue with the non-standard Papiamento
and inaccessible Curacao Dutch archives maintained in Holland written in “old
Dutch and old Dutch Papiamento.”
Different people define Curacao archives in a
different ways. The over four (4)
centuries old illiterate Black majority has made an Africa ethnocentric explanation of Curacao History
inevitable. This is true whether we resort to the sometimes-bizarre NAAM
interpretation of the early-on History of 1634-1834 written in the now
crumbling aging paper stored in Holland written freehand by Dutch Scribes in
Old Dutch and Old Dutch Papiamento or if we rely primarily on recent sometimes-bogus ethnocentric NAAM Oral History analysis.
Padre Brenneker ignored and some “educated” people in
Curacao today still ignore certification, documentation and corroboration in
the matter of the omnipresent Spanish origin of Papiamento in researching
Curacao History as well as when researching past sub-Sahara Africa History of the past 500 yrs. They impulsively and
erroneously aver, “If the word
looks or sounds sub-Sahara African in Curacao or the West Indies, then it
is derived from sub-Sahara Africa five hundred (500) yrs ago.” i.e.. Afro
Antillian PR Vocabulary revisionism in “El Boricua” webpage listed for ten
(10) yrs and (fourteen (14) out of eighteen (18) are errors) I
brought the matter to the editor and founder Ivonne Figueroa in the year 20002 but she
took no action nor defended her position about the misstatements. She only asked
me “What’s a Neo-Rican?” (She lives in Texas and from her incompetence she must be like
G.W.Bush Republican.)
Fufú, (in PR the fufú word for an African dumpling is used to refer to a love potion spell or hex), gumbo, and yams (not the sweet potato) are found both on the Caribbean and the African restaurant menu and are words very familiar in the Caribbean and the USA as having African origin. Caribbean mofongo, funche, malanga, gandinga, yucca, plantain, calabaza, pumpkin, vanilla, red and green peppers, chocolate, chayote, jicama, cassava, papaya, plátanos-machos, pasteles Spain, pasteles PR, bacalao or mondongo which some say may “sound African” are unique Caribbean foods and/or Spanish. You cannot ask for them in a sub Sahara African store, or restaurant and are not listed in their menu or cookbook. If there is a sub-Sahara Africa connection it is too remote in time and impossible to document properly. They are words of food edibles i.e. maize (new world corn) the European pig European pasta (fideos) and bread which apparently were not found at first in sub Sahara Africa or the New World as food. Rice originated in SE Asia and reached the New World with the Europeans after 1493 while the tomato, the potato and Pinto, Lima, Black Turtle and Kidney beans are New World items. Cafe au lait is French for café con leche (coffee with milk.) The words are also used to describe a mulatto.
Many overstate African influences and decrease Amerindian
influences in PR and the New World. It can be better said that the sub Sahara
African slaves changed radically and became more a new mixture of culture and
Race that emerged from a combination of all worldwide areas but mostly from
Europe and more so from the Caribbean itself.
Curiosity
In the same way Chitterlings, hogmaw
(pig’s tripe),
Sweet potato pie and grits among others
are USA “slave food” which were not
found in Africa at first and were later taken to mainland Africa. Similarly
other food
was taken to Liberia with the freed USA Slaves before the Civil War starting in January 1820. Three whites and 22 of the
Black emigrants died within three weeks from yellow fever in the initial
settlement of Liberia.
Pelo malo, pasas
(raisins) and sometimes bochinche
are all pseudonyms for pardo,
moreno,
trigueño,
grifo,
prieto
or crespo
and the words are all Spanish. Grifo
also appears in Mexico Mex.Sp. grifo "marijuana and/or drug addict.” Anana is Hawaiian Ananas comosus is
pineapple. There is a Sandunga street in
Alicante Spain
and a Sandunga gallery in Grenada. Sandunga
is said to be a “Gypsy
word” in Spain and has false cognates in
the New World. Bachata
is New World Dominican. English
words of exotic Malay origin include orangutan,
gingham,
sarong,
bamboo,
rattan,
kapok,
paddy,
and amok.
The coconut is from the Malay and India. Cheese is an Old World
mostly European product.
oddities
Though the peanut
originated in Brazil, it came to the United States from Africa. The wild turkey is
native to Northern Mexico and the Eastern United States. The mango originated in Southeast Asia. Gandinga a
Caribbean pig’s
liver soup has a false cognate in Lithuania.
Bemba
means a large lower lip in Spain and the New World. Bembú or Bembón
means a man having an extra large lower lip, “Bésame
la bembita”
a song by Tito
Rodriguez means “kiss my small lower lip.” There is a tribe in Zambia called the Bemba.
True cognate in African Kimbundu?
Yes!
The word bemba and bembe
occurs in New World Spanish in
the West Indies and in Sub-Sahara Africa; it also does crop up in Spain
meaning that perhaps there is a wide bemba African influence. There is in Spain
a RADIO BEMBA.
MUSIC
The Bongos, Conga, and
Timbales are Afro-Cuban.
Cumbanchero (Afro-Cuban music aficionado)
The Guiro, quijongo
and maracas
are indigenous New World Taino Arawak
The Cuban dances Conga,
Mambo, Rumba, Brazilian
Samba, and
the Dominican
Merengue,
plus the clave
rhythm and many
more are all New World
African inspired. Trinidad & Tobago is
the land where the steel band, the CALYPSO and the limbo were born in
1937 in Port
of Spain.
El
puertorriqueño lleva con orgullo sus raíces múltiples y las ha sabido conjugar
para crear una esencia única, lo que nuestro poeta Luis Palés Matos llamó
“burundanga.” Luis Pales
Matos 1898-1959 also wrote
“tuntún
de
pasa y grifería” Griferia appears oddly enough in
Spain as a combination water faucet.
. Burundanga (scopolamine)
is in addition a newly named 1994 New World Colombian drug and is also
the title
in a Celia Cruz song addressed to Monina “Les hinchan los pies”
his feet swell up
in the song may be alluding to a symptom of the Columbian drug.
Monina in Monrovia,
California is a first name euphemism (little Mona - “cute little female
monkey”)
Musical nonsense words
and Afro-Cubanisms
A fantasy King Borondongo
Tongo Muchilanga Songo Fuchilanga
Abambele bamboleo
More nonsense words i.e. Carai, Caramba,
impiriliquitiflauticamente shazam,
abracadabra,
doo hickey
Lo tumbó suena Africano…. Hay Que lio!
Curacao had no significant
world-wide music innovations.
/////////////////////////
Mumbo Jumbo is also a curious hijacked by phonetics word that is not
found in the Caribbean or Africa yet Americans usually take it erroneously for
sub-Sahara African ascribing it illegitimately and spuriously to Mandingo
because it “sounds” sub-Sahara African. Since mumbo
jumbo makes its first appearance in script in Charles Dicken’s
1812-1870 classic works in England and then later in the equally classic
children’s story LITTLE
BLACK SAMBO about India BY HELEN BANNERMAN 1862-1946 of England but long-time resident of India.
Mumbo Jumbo may have a Hindu origin along with mugger,
thug,
bungalow,
khaki
(Persian), dinghy,
curry
(Tamil), ginger,
mantra,
karma,
dungaree,
guru,
jungle, juggernaut,
pundit,
pajamas,
shampoo,
yoga,
nirvana,
loot,
bandana
cummerbund,
chintz,
kismet
(Turk), swami,
meditation
(Latin?) and a host of
others. Accordingly given mumbo jumbo’s definitions in English, (empty talk,
jibberish) a word in Spanish most closely associated and somewhat similar
altho’ not synonymous would be Sambumbia.
sub-Sahara African and New World”religions” have no word or words mumbo jumbo
There is a Mandingo mumbo jumbo false cognate “Mama Dyumbo” in Niger
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
BLACK CULT curiosity
in predominately Black city Loiza Aldea in PR. Sacrilegious
and obscene
QUIRINDONGO leads
parade (like the MUMMERS in
Philadelphia) and uncovers PENIS to various crazy women representing the laity
or non-clergy called “Maximinas” and the enemy or anti-Christ surrogates called
“vejigantes” with everyone in the crowd chanting along singing rhymed
PROFANITIES about the enormous size of the QUIRINDONGO penis in an annual
religious ritual parade to St.James, the moor-slayer (Santiago Matamoras.) The holiday of
St.James.
Why in PR in Loiza Aldea is their the lead
figure “San Quirindongo” or just “Quirindongo” the “DEFENDER of the
Blacks?”
The first presence in PR of “Black Pedro”
QUIRINDONGO was in 1780 so
(1) What when and where were the beginnings of
the first festival of 24th of July? and in what particular yr was
Quirindongo introduced? And the yr if different and not within the 1780-1830
range then
(2) When was the yearly ritual of QUIRINDONGO
started as a SANTIAGO MATAMOROS surrogate? – both dates of the beginnings in the matter of the first
festival and the inclusion of QUIRINDONGO are most crucial.
Perhaps QUIRINDONGO was possibly instituted
or likely added because “Black Pedro”
QUIRINDONGO ostensibly an old man of 70? was “arrogant” in the pre-abolition
yr of 1830 as per the Mayor of Ponce. Was the 1830 “arrogant” issue the
precursor of the yearly Loiza Aldea ritual?
Email sent to Mayor and the School’s
history dept of Loiza Aldea about the
annual religious ritual parade not answered!
Discrimination still exists among Puerto
Ricans
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Spaniards and Canary
Islanders are said to hold the last remnants of the cro-magnon and not the focus of my search are
conspicuously missing here and also missing in the Catalogo de
Extranjeros Residentes en Puerto Rico en el Siglo XIX, Ediciones de la
Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, 1962 by Dra. Estela Cifre de Loubriel. But Canarians were also “estranjeros” and as
Spanish citizens were eligible for the
Real Cedula de Gracias having carte blanche to move freely within PR
and the Spanish Colonial
Empire. They generated
a written record which
is kept in texts
somewhere in PR, Curacao or in Seville
Spain ARCHIVOS
de INDIAS.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
The first (1st)
reference to surname QUIRINDONGO is a Black Slave Maria Magdalena
who bought the Spanish Papiamento surname written by a Dutch Scribe KIRING
DONGO (for reasons only known to her – the town-name and surname must have
existed generations before Maria, perhaps prior to 1679 and Governor Jan Doncker)
and freedom
from Nathaniel ELLIS in 1758. born 1700?. Maria Magdalena KIRING
DONGO born 1700?.more than 150 yrs BEFORE abolition and seven (7) generations BEFORE
Blacks took on an always European never African nor an aboriginal surname.
(Kwidama? in 1863) Guidam appears 21 SEP 1565 Saint Marys, Hanley Castle, Worcester,
England.
The next reference to surname QUIRINDONGO is the 1730
bogus entry in LDS IGI may be an error as to birth date but the marriage date
1789 LDS IGI online seems correct. It also seems more credible that the
birthdates are circa 1763 for (Maria) Sabina DIAS and1760? for Pedro QUIRINDONGO. “Negro olandes” Pedro
QUIRINDONGO does appear in PR archived in a WILL in LDS
as an executor-husband “negro olandes” married to the defunct “Maria” Sabina DIAS. The WILL statement 1818 Death Certificate seems
error-free and authentic.The next surname QUIRINDONGO is someone born with the
Spanish Papiamento surname Quirindongo in recorded History found so far is Black Pedro who appears
as arriving PR in 1780. The next surname QUIRINDONGO is the same person now
called “Moreno” Pedro Quirindongo 58?
yrs old born in 1760? Curacao with parents Nicolas and Catalina
appears in 1825 in Mayoral Archives as being “atenero” (age 64?) and
MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE age 58 yrs old as living in Tallaboa Penuelas PR with his 2nd?
Wife Andrea Mat(h)os. ALL these entries with reference to Pedro QUIRINDONGO
seem to be the same person.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
“…the white or Native American majority over
time blurred considerably the obvious ethnic distinctions…. In Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile,
Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, the black sector constituted less than 1
percent of the population. In Central America, coastal Colombia, Venezuela,
Brazil, and the Caribbean, the black concentration ranged from 2 percent
(Honduras) to 99 percent (Haiti). People of mixed African, European, and Native
American ancestry, however, in an effort of inclusion the 1% who had mixed with
the majority ceased to
be counted as "black."
This was directly counter
to the racist separist racial purist ONE DROP
RULE later taken on by the USA
previous to 1776.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
A “politically correct”
historical analysis with wrong “whatever is available pictures” using wrong
whatever is available costumes of a Loiza Aldea PR Black Cult by a PR folkdance group –
a
“SAMBUMBIA” of expatriate West Indians (mostly PRs) based in Texas!
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
(Curacao abolition 1863 - PR abolition 1873)
International and Dominican and
Cuban food
African FuFú often mistaken
for the Amerindian
Taino FUNCHE.
Caribbean
Recipes Links and true Carib foods
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
COMMENTS
About SAMBUMBU (sambumbia):
By Luis J. QUIRINDONGO
After reading the text, I think the meaning of the
title in both books “Sambumbu” by Padre
Paul Brenneker and “Sambumbia” by
Cooper P. probably are similar to the one the word eventually became
associated with in Puerto Rico. The other meaning for the word “sambumbia” is
“mixture of different things, which may or may not go well together”.
Sambumbia derived from the way the stew with the same
name was made, of course. (They still make it in Puerto Rico, only now it’s
called “sancocho”.) Back then, there wasn’t much variety of food in the
Caribbean other than whatever your farm produced, so most people’s idea of a
“succulent meal” was a group of neighbors bringing their crops together,
throwing whatever vegetables they could find (about 10 or 20 types), along with
some chicken and pork and broth, in a huge pot with water and boiling them into
a soup. The stew usually ended up (it still does!) as a brownish-grayish broth
full of vegetables and meat with an “earthy” taste and a very strong smell.
Everyone knew that all that stuff was never really meant to go into the
same meal. That’s how the word “sambumbia” came to mean a mixture of unrelated
things.
[Most people ate this soup,
especially those who moved to the US, eventually decided to eliminate a
lot of the ingredients and use predominantly Yautias and garlic or curry... you
can imagine why :-)]
I’ve seen the word Sambumbia used to describe books,
though I hadn’t seen it used as a title until now. Usually in literature it
applies to books which have no unity among their parts, and instead are made of
tidbits of different things which are loosely related at best: songs, stories,
quotes, poems, whatever else the author can find. Oral History compilations,
like the one Padre Paul Brenneker made, usually follow that pattern.
Luis ljquirin@hotmail.com Tele 787-842-6587
Luis J. Quirindongo Ave. Constancia 4235 villa del Carmen Ponce, Puerto Rico
00716-2111 www.traduguide.com/tr/1889.htm
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
*Sambumbia*
Spain =
turmoil or unlikely mixture (most likely the origin of the word)
More local New World definitions of
Sambumbia
PR & NYC = A hearty, garlicky,
smelly, unappealing stew.
Cuba
= a watery weak coffee for children
Curacao
Sambumbu translated from the German by google - translated loosely by me
////////////////////////////////
1499
On the way to LITERACY
Spanish pidgin (Papiamento) used by
illiterates in 99.9% of Curacao
Spanish used by functional
literates or semi-literates in 99% of PR
KIRING DONGO
1800
Spanish pidgin (Papiamento) used by
illiterates in 99.9% of Curacao
Spanish used by functional literates or semi-literates in 99% of PR
KIRINDONGO
Spanish pidgin (Papiamento) used by
illiterates in 99% of Curacao
Spanish used by functional literates or semi-literates in 90% of PR
1950
QUIRINDONGO
Spanish used by functional literates or semi-literates in 90% of PR
2004
Translations from many languages into
English
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
QUILILONGO
false cognate found in Chile,
Spain,
Netherlands
and here
and here.
The Papiamento surname BARIEDONGO
BARRIO DONCKER? (claims father changed surname from QUIRINDONGO
or KIRINDONGO) appears in Curacao and Venezuela.
YONKERS from the Dutch Van der Donck near NYC is a similar sounding Dutch word
Dongan hills in
NYC is a variant of DONCKER.
Dongo, AKA Paul van Dongen,
in Curacao
///////////////////////////////////////////////////
Papiamento as a pidgin Spanish
language for ALL seasons in Curacao invented by Jews
Because of the lower educational
level of the insular government and absence of compulsory public schooling for
close to five (5) centuries in Curacao,
the same bastardization of language from Spanish to pidgin by illiterate people
occurred in Curacao as it happened with English in Jamaica only more so. The
added introduction of a distinct lettering of old Dutch to the Spanish pidgin
vernacular quickly destroyed the written Spanish root in 1634 in only one sense
(the written Papiamento form) and gave the impression of a new different
dialect or language when seen in print by the intelligentsia of Curacao. While
Papiamento has always stayed akin to Spanish phonetically, a new European Germanic
script Dutch element had been introduced. The Curacao intelligentsia minority
was unable and unwilling to change the written vernacular of Papiamento. The
written vernacular Papiamento was used by Jews and a functionally-literate
majority Black population. The ”hoi poloi” common people promoted unopposed
ethnocentrically a pseudo African element to explain the un-Spanish look of the
Dutch Papiamento script.
This is similar to the “old
Spanish” of the Sephardic Jews in the Middle East and America if we leave out
the Race and illiteracy issue where they only know and use the phonetic old-Spanish 1500s
vernacular of their parents and promote a pseudo Hebraic element versus the
current standardized Spanish of Spain.
Sub Sahara Africa because of its
sedentary non-migratory people, insulated, remoteness, primitive culture, the
lack for eons of schooling, literacy and standardization was unable to
contribute to European Papiamento significantly upon coming to Curacao. Also
the African dialects had very limited vocabularies which had no sub Sahara
Africa words for recent inventions, varieties of abstract ideas and wider
variety and preparations of New World foods during the Slave-trade era.
We can see the syndrome continuing
as well in that the recent forced introduction of unstandardized Papiamento
unopposed ethnocentrically in Curacao public schools in 1996 has hurt the
general public higher education of Curacao when we point out the added
difficulty of learning yet other European languages or the attractive lure of
going abroad to get professional higher education in Dutch and English or for
that matter Spanish and be in a better position to research advanced scientific
writings.
History of Iberian Papiamento starts circa 1450
Before 1500 the Sephardic Portuguese Jews first used European Papiamento
in the Slave trade in Africa
sub-Sahara Africa Slaves arrived
in the New World after 1500 with no standard language
sub-Sahara Africa Slaves contribute to music
with Guene pidgin
now extinct and
Papiamento
1500 to present the Sephardic Jews
continued using European Papiamento
Before 1600 the Sephardic Portuguese-Spanish Jews used European Papiamento
in Brazil and the Caribbean
Before 1700 the Sephardic and Ashkenazy Jews made
Curacao its headquarters
sub-Sahara
Africa Slaves contribution to Papiamento vernacular is meager to non-existent
The oldest document
written in Papiamento is a letter from 1775, a message between two members of a Jewish merchant
family. In 1802 the British Governor Hughes in a report mentioned the language
abroad for the first time. In the 19th century (after over four (4) hundred
yrs) Papiamento was finally recognized. The first
Papiamento-Dutch dictionary (van Ewijk) a small large type very limited
vocabulary and few pages hard cover pocketbook appeared in 1875. It seemed to
be useful as a learning to read children’s book
////////////////////////
Yet other
dialects in nearby Suriname
- Sranantongo Sarnami
hindoestani carib
aukan Samaraccan
////////////////////////////////////////////
Spain’s
decline AFTER 1630 Spain's desperate poverty in the 1930s
KIRINDONGO not listed in LDS IGI
A search produces no KIRINDONGO but hundreds of QUIRINDONGO proving
1.) QUIRINDONGO became literate before KIRINDONGO
2.) QUIRINDONGO surname existed in script before KIRINDONGO surname
3.) KIRING DONGO circa 1758 split surname predates ALL variations in script
4.) KIRING is Papiamento for unrecognized Amerindian word perhaps meaning “oasis”
5.) KIRING may be the Dutch surname KRING or the German surname KIRING
6.) DONGO is Papiamento for the Dutch DONCKER
7.) that there are 40 DONCKER archived in the Netherlands Antilles 1650-1850
8.) QUIRINDONGO was born in PR 1780 but originated in Curacao
9.) KIRINDONGO area and surname circa 1800 is peculiar only to Curacao
KRING is the Dutch word for “ring” but it seems to be a false cognate altho’ my Aunt Mercedes told me various times that the KIRING was “Dutch for KRING ” My Uncle Cheo changed his name to KRINGDON and said it is much closer to the “original Dutch.” Both now deceased may have meant Dutch Papiamento and therefore truthful. Also “Kring” is difficult to say in Spanish or pidgin Papiamento.
No
other variations of KIRINDONGO found originating from any other area but Curacao.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Curiosity
Aruba
has a considerably high GDP per capita income
$11,200
more than PR and $16,600 more than Curacao
Aruba’s
ethnology is eighty (80%) White-Amerindian
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $28,000
Unemployment rate: 0.6% (2003 est.)
The Cayman Islands enjoy one of the highest outputs per capita
and one of the highest standards of living in the world.
GDP - per capita: - $32,300 (2004 est.)
British
Virgin Islands enjoy a higher
standard of living
GDP - per capita: - $38,500 (2003 est.)
83% Black population
Bermuda
enjoys the highest standard of
living in the world
GDP - per capita: - $69,900 (2004 est.)
54% Black population
From Cristobal Colon log
Saturday, 13th of October 1492
"As soon as dawn broke many of these people came to the beach, all youths, as I have said, and all of good stature, a very handsome people. Their hair is not curly, but loose and coarse, like horse hair. In all the forehead is broad, more so than in any other people I have hitherto seen. Their eyes are very beautiful and not small, and themselves far from black, but the color of the Canarians. Nor should anything else be expected, as this island is in a line east and west from the island of Hierro in the Canaries.”
Cristobal
Colon was blond blue eyed The word “rubio” sounds like a red ruby hue but
in Spanish it means blond.
Curacao’s ethnology is
(80%) Mulatto and Black
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity $11,500.
Unemployment rate: 12.8% (1997 est.).
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
The Pope divides the
New World between Portugal and Spain in 1494 in the Treaty of
Tordesillas
///////////////////////////////////////////////////
My personal
conclusions in old age
//////////////////////////////
My gfather
Monserrate QUIRINDONGO family 1910
//////////////////////////////////////////////
Altho' all QUIRINDONGO from
Curacao are included and listed here, we must stress that they did not obtain
their surname from the same place or procedure.
1) Some were given the
surname when freed in abolition 1863 in Curacao
2) Some acquired the
surname thru' marriage
3) Some can say they can
trace their lineage with no documentation to before Maria Magdalena 1758 in
Curacao
4) Some have the oral
history of QUIRINDONGO being a combination of two (2) Dutch surnames
5) Others say that
QUIRINDONGO is the combination of either a place-name (Amerindian) or Dutch
surname KRING or German surname KIRING and the Dutch surname Doncker
In any case there is no
unifying family origin uncovered so far except for the Quirindongo of El Rucio
in Peñuelas PR which I can trace back
to (Juan) Nicolas of Curacao circa 1740. The surname origin comes from the
Papiamento place-name KIRINDONGO Curacao during or before Governor Jan DONCKER
circa 1650. The ethnicity of the split surname KIRING DONGO in 1758 and
place-name KIRINDONGO seems to be Dutch spelled in Papiamento. QUIRINDONGO is
the PR 1780 Spanish spelling innovation.
The
phenotype of the various Races in my family and any family in PR are difficult
to discern and the tracking of recessive phenotype of three (3) Races
(Amerindian, Black and White) may closely resemble Mendel’s Law
with the dominant/recessive
genes color of peas. You can see my mother’s white phenotypic skin color but Mestizo
genotype revealed phenotypically in me at 20
44 64
and as a baby versus
my brothers
6, 7, 8 at Brighton Beach NY (I am on the left) and my sister Nancy at 30 (Nancy
is the smaller one at 5 with cousin Carol Rotger at 10), See phenotype run the
gamut when Titi
Mercedes and Titi Maria’s obvious white skin color and phenotype compared to my
darker skin color and uncle Tio Peto’s
mahogany skin color when genetic tests show we ALL have one-half (1/2)
White yDNA and one-half (1/2) Amerindian mtDNA.
A common mistake by PRs is to classify Race phenotypically by hair texture and general facial features solely and disregard brown skin color. PRs as a group are a very racially mixed people and phenotype may sometimes hide a recessive ancestral genotype that can be discovered not only by genotypic examination but also by logical phenotypic observation and extended family somatic scrutiny. Also all documents asserting the Race “Indio” is suspect that it is a mixture of Black and Amerindian while the documents asserting “Blanco” is a mixture of White and Amerindian as my genotype and most genotypes of PR confirm.
The oldest documented European yDNA Quirindongo in PR was g ggg
gfather (Juan) Nicolas 1740? (wife (Maria) Catalina.) g ggg gfather (Juan)
Nicolas may have been 18 yrs old in Curacao when Maria Magdalena Kiring Dongo
was manumitted in 1758. He
could have been manumitted without surname and not
related at all to Maria Magdalena. (Juan) Nicolas died in PR circa 1820. He
was father of patriarch ggg gfather Pedro who died circa 1840 who was father of
gg ghalf-uncle Juan Pedro of the 1815 Cedula de Gracias who died circa 1850.
All were Mulatto born in Curacao with Black or mulatto phenotype but white yDNA
and all three (3) died in Penuelas. The European yDNA Quirindongo did not take
on the White phenotype until 1840 by mixing with the Castiza females of Penuelas.
This began in 1818 with Patriarch ggg gfather Pedro who married ggg gmother
Andrea de Matos a Parda
after his first
wife (Maria) Sabina Dias died. The marriage document shows his father
(Juan) Nicolas was still alive in 1818. Their only issue a son gg gfather
Eugenio married gg gmother Joaquina Feliciano a Castiza who issued a
mostly White phenotype family then g gfather Alejandro “el Holandes”
married g gmother Juana Santiago a Castiza who issued a mostly White
phenotype family then my gfather Jose Monserrate married gmother Carmen Arroyo
a Castiza (I knew her) who also issued a mostly White phenotype family.
Thus this singular branch of Quirindongo had mixed with female Castiza of PR
over four (4) generations before migrating to NYC. During that time there were
some Black and Mulatto Quirindongo around in PR and especially Curacao but the
European yDNA Quirindongo of PR with White phenotype forgot their Black female
mtDNA heritage from Curacao and the Quirindongo of Penuelas also forgot the
town of Kirindongo in Curacao and mistakenly assumed their European whiteness
was Dutch from Holland not a Spanish phenotype because of the rare and unusual
surname Quirindongo. Family and neighbors went as far as nick-naming g gfather
Alejandro “el Holandes” because of Dutch oral history (they were at most
functionally literate) but mostly because of his whiteness with blond
hair and blue eyes when in reality he was far removed by time and space from
the Curacao pre-1758 White Dutch phenotype. Only the yDNA in reality without
question after DNA analysis points to Dutch yDNA of a bygone era many yrs ago
in Curacao when for the first time the surname Kiring Dongo was written in
Papiamento and before that when written as Doncker in Dutch in Malaysia and
Holland, all areas where my yDNA is found long before 1758. The mtDNA had
changed the Quirindongo phenotype to Castizo four (4) times in four (4) consecutive
generations in PR with four (4) different Castiza females of White phenotype
but Amerindian mtDNA. Although there were “throwbacks” and “skipped generations” phenotypes to
Mulatto and to Amerindian the darker Quiirindongo became fewer and fewer and
the Quirindongo phenotype changed to White in or about 1860 after being Black
phenotype and Black mtDNA in or about 1758 Curacao. This change of phenotype
syndrome was mimicking the world-wide syndrome that effectively changed
phenotype to the concentration of extremes of the colors of skin and texture of
hair and the observable differences in the Races of Mankind especially in the
isolated areas of China and Africa. For example 1. John D'Isselt 5/15/91 2. Richard D'Isselt 4/25/94 3. Barbara D'Isselt 1/16/98 All three (3) are children of White phenotype father and White phenotype
Gloria CARABALLO
Quirindongo Wiederhold.
Note the Carabali the African tribe member of the
New World Cabildo guild is the genesis of the
surname Caraballo The surname Caraballo is spread worldwide showing a high rate
of yDNA
egenation.
The Quirindongo family of el Rucio upon being forced into an economic depression diaspora in 1920 to Ponce, Santo Domingo and ultimately to NYC mixed with Mestizo, Mulatto and Negro/Amerindian to a large extent rendering a mixed racial identity and reverting to an observable diverse phenotype in the first and second generation NYC Quirindongo residents of which I belong.
.
miDNA “Eve” female always mutated each time thousands of years before the yDNA “Adam” male. All mtDNA which controls phenotype and Race is contributed 2x by the female and 1x by the male consequently my yDNA is linked in tandem throughout the male genetic ancestry lineage and has remained relatively unchanging and traceable concurrently for twenty (20) to forty (40) thousands of yrs or more regardless of ever-changing Racial phenotype and is also connected recently (1,000 yrs) by following my male surname Quirindongo/Kirindongo/Doncker.
History
Timeline (1,000 yrs) Quirindongo true and false cognates
1100? surname Doncker appears in Holland in Latin script
1400? surname Kiring found in France in Latin script
1499? Querindongo (lover) word (never a surname) appears in Latin script in Spain
1500? Amerindian Caiquetio-Spanish phonetic word for fresh water “Kirin” found in Curazao
1601? tribal-names Kiring and Dongo found in Malaysia later becoming surnames and names in Latin script
1634? Amerindian-Dutch phonetic word “Kiring” for fresh water? or oasis? found in Curacao
1640? Wandongo/Jan/Juan Doncker short-lived place-name (never a surname in Curacao) appears as a water oasis in Curacao
1645? Kirindongo phonetic place-name appears in Curacao in Spanish Papiamento as a water oasis
1650? Kiring Dongo in Dutch Papiamento Latin script appears as a surname and water oasis in Curacao
ALL
DOCUMENTED DATA
1673-79 Jan/Juan Doncker (Wandongo) quits governorship to continue selling fresh well-water
1750 Slave rebellion Hato Plantation in Curacao
1758 Maria Magdalena manumitted in Curacao surname Kiring Dongo given
1780 Patriarch Pedro Quirindongo migrates from Curacao to PR
1791 WIC finally goes Bankrupt in Curacao after many yrs running in the red
1794 Juan Pedro Quirindongo arrives in PR from Curacao
1795 Tula and Carpata slave rebellion - names as legacy don’t survive
1800-02 British occupation in Curacao
1807-16 British occupation in Curacao
1821 insurrection in Kirindongo “East Division” of free Blacks in militia.
1863 Kirindongo surname in Latin script given to freed slaves in Curacao when owners compensated
1865 Some 1/5 USA Black slaves take on European surnames owners NOT compensated
1873 Slavery abolished in PR - surnames in Latin script given to freed slaves when owners compensated
1881-1889 Bismarck institutes Social Security and surnames in Germany
1914 More USA African-Americans get European surnames as soldiers in WW I
1924 Quirindongo family migrates from PR to NYC
ALL RECENT FALSE COGNATES
1930? Dongo surname food-name religious-name and tribal-name appear in Latin script in Africa
1935 Turkey mandates all citizens use surname in Latin script
1935 official banner yr for European surnames in Latin script covers 100% USA under Social Security for Black, Amerindian, Asian and all Americans
1940? Wandongo surname (never a place-name in Africa nor surname in Curacao) appears in Latin script in Tanzania Africa
1945 Mussolini captured and killed near Dongo Italy
1991 Kiryandongo place-name (never a surname) appears in Latin script in Uganda Africa
I
think I prove the surname KIRING DONGO and the yDNA Haplogroup “I” came from
Europe and shipped out as DONCKER from Holland to Curacao where they stayed for
one hundred twenty five (125) yrs (after a short preliminary twenty (20) yr
stop in Malaysia) and were compelled to go to PR by the CEDULA
de GRACIAS free land. Since there is in Curacao localities named Kirindongo
Abou and Kirindongo Ariba many Slaves and people with no surname took on the
Kirindongo/Quirindongo surname when migrating to PR and we cannot say because
of illiteracy which one of the many similar surnames is in my individual
ancestry including:
1) the KIRINDONGO
in Curacao and QUIRINDONGO
worldwide
2) the
more recent “misspelling” QUIRINGDONGO
QUIRINDINGO
in the USA and
3) the
recent AFTER WW II in Holland KIERINDONGO
KIERINDOONGO
QUIRINGDONGO
KERINDONGO
QUIRINDOONGO
“misspellings” and the USA
KRINGDON
Only
an eight (8) marker yDNA test
with an unexpected Malaysia
connection can prove that phenotypes of the yDNA progeny can and
will change phenotype even with the same partner every time a sexual union
introduces mtDNA. The yDNA, which is my main focus, on the other hand remains
constant with rare minor mutations together with the surname if married.
Therefore phenotype and yDNA-mtDNA unions are separate unique entities working
independently and a European yDNA can’t assure a European phenotype and vice
versa; a European phenotype cannot assure a European yDNA. We must think about Mendel’s Law
in which all varieties are possible in numeric
distribution. A mixture of Amerindian and Black may very well
produce in profusion a not too dark-skinned child with straight hair. PRs in general
can have white blue-eyed children together with very dark mulatto
semi-straight-haired not-quite-Black facial featured children and every color
of skin in between from the same father and mother.
//////////////////////////////////////////
Facts stated but not in
evidence:
Wandongo and Kirindongo Abou are
the same area
Juan
Pedro is a phenotypic White man
El Rucio is the land grant from
the Cedula de Gracias
Maria Magdalena is Nicolas’s
mother
Pictures of PR
and more
1. THE CASE FOR SPANISH ORIGIN
rejected…
2. THE CASE FOR INDIGENOUS CURACAO
ORIGIN…
4. THE CASE AGAINST AFRICAN ORIGIN
(whole or in part)…
Any combination of all 4 origins of KIRINDONGO in
Spanish, Indigenous Amerindian, Dutch. (or African ?)
NOT NECESSARILY IN THAT ORDER.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Timelines in World
History as it influenced PR…
My conclusions
Fraudulent NAAM
“facts”
To top of page
QUIRINDONGO
PROGENY
COMMENTS by David Powell PhD Australia, Luis Quirindongo in PR and
Marilu Mercalina in Florida …
QUIRINDONGO
KIRINDONGO GENEALOGY HOMEPAGE
National Geographic Genographic Project click YOUR GENETIC JOURNEY
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