John Henry Quirindongo
GENEALOGY
yDNA
results confirm European origin lineage (This means that somewhere
thousands of years ago there existed a European man who is in a direct lineage
to me. This does not rule out that a Black or Amerindian woman mated with a
White man in the ancestry lineage recently. 12
yDNA DYS markers surname Quirindongo yDNA is the only PR ancestry in the SNP P19+ user id AMAPT I
or I1b
Haplogroup database and in the PR surname project with unique markers DYS 19/394 is STR 17,
DYS 385b is STR 12 and DYS 439 is STR 14 of 12 markers yBase Puerto
Rico Ancestry Project 12 markers yDNA kit 35383 refine
((upgrade) yDNA search finds a
“Malaysia [Indian] 1 / 291 Asia” match in the Dutch East Indies
whom it
may concern:
I happened to be on your website at http://home.mindspring.com/~johnqu/4.htm
and noticed that my name is
linked with the following negative comments:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Admittedly confused African
professors cite theory about when surnames instituted in Africa.
to: Adams
Bodomo
Do
you have any idea when African people started using surnames? As far as I know they didn’t have surnames
until they were freed from slavery in the new world and in these cases in slave
territories Christian names and European surnames were adopted. But when did
they adopt their surnames in Africa itself?
johnq
One a Professor Constancio NAKUMA, surnamed with homonym or false cognate of the Japanese NAKUMA. Professor Constancio NAKUMA said (with my inserts and highlight) “So I would trace the surname tradition in Africa back to the origins of the establishment of formal (public) education in the respective African societies. Memory constraints imposed by oral cultures, the extensive use of titles of relationship (circa 1930-1946) with no accompanying names, (ie. Dutchess Quamino) the confused looks of parents who are asked to provide a surname for their children seeking to register in school, etc., all point to the fact that Africa must have had an essentially monomial naming culture.”
Very comprehensive and well said but in subsequent Email, he tries to “see” an African connection to KIRINDONGO unsuccessfully.
The other Professor Adams BODOMO
has a false cognate surname from the Philippines. Professor Adams BODOMO said. “I am of the opinion
that they do to some extent have surnames but they are not used as pervasively
and copiously as in the Western world.”
Professor Adams BODOMO confused my
question of sub-Sahara
Africa’s past and answered it in the present tense asserting more or less a present
and continuing lack of surnames in Africa today. home.mindspring.com/~johnqu/Apr%2011.htm
-----------------------------------------------------
First of all, I take exception to your claim that my name Bodomo is a
pseudo-cognate Philippine name (and that for Nakuma a pseudo-Japanese name).
Without noticing it you are ridiculing very AUTHENTIC African names.
Why cannot you say that these Philippine and Japanese names are pseudo-African
names? To your information, the names BODOMO and NAKUMA are very authentic
names from the Dagaare language of northern Ghana and Burkina Faso in the
central parts of West Africa.
Secondly, if my memory holds well, about four or five years ago, Professor
Nakuma and I received inquiries from you solliciting our expertise in finding
the etymology of the name Quirindongo. We did indeed help out, giving you as
much informtion as we could about this name and other issues about African
names. It seems that you have displayed some amount of unethical behaviour by
taking our comments and framing us up around those comments as confused African
professors. This is highly unwarranted.
Please, remove our names from your website within one week from today July 9th
2004, as we take strong exception to the way in which you are using our names
and our expertise.
Yours sincerely,
Adams B. Bodomo
===========
A.B. Bodomo
The University of Hong Kong
http://www.hku.hk/linguist/staff/ab.html
==========
I feel very
sorry that you are taking this course of action.
Well authenticity was never in question. O’Hara the surname in Ireland and OHARA the surname in Japan are both authentic born in Ireland and Japan respectively although the surname O’Hara of Ireland must have preceded the surname OHARA of Japan by five (5) hundred years or twenty-five (25) generations. They are phonetic homonym false cognates. OHARA the surname of Japan may have been a name first. In Ireland the father’s name was possibly Hara thus “of Hara” or O’Hara. Some people call this phenomenon phonetic “parallel evolution.”
... As in nature, parallel evolution takes place amongst surnames. The surname may mean something in Spanish (even archaic Spanish), but that does not mean that is ...http://home.mindspring.com/~johnqu/powell.htm - 17k - similar pages
You mistake Etymology and Genealogy as the same discipline, they are not. Etymology is the study of the origin of words not surnames per se. My original question (above) was, “when did they (Africans) adopt their surnames in Africa itself?” This question is about surnames and necessarily Genealogy. I was looking for remote ancient ancestry prior to 1758 through surname or place-name. I did not ask what the surname QUIRINDONGO meant. The meaning if known would be interesting but not important. What is important is whether the words QUIRINDONGO, KIRINDONGO and KIRING DONGO existed as place-names or whether they existed at all in Africa in any fashion since surnames were very late to reach the sub-Sahara.
Both Professor Constancio and you Professor Adams have European names and have received your schooling in Latin script and the fact that you defend your surnames proves that both of you are integrated into the European surname culture altho’ some of the sub-Sahara Africa your birthplace may still not be. It would be foolish not to recognize the enormous European influence on the scholarly disciplines in general the focus of this investigation of Genealogy and surnames in particular. Sub Sahara Africa has come to the table of script late with few options without pen in hand.
You say, “the
names BODOMO and NAKUMA are very authentic names from the Dagaare language.” I
was interested in surnames as I said before not names. Everyone has had names
since recorded time. Surnames on the other hand reached the Philippines in 1596
with the Spanish and with the Japanese surnames reached their shores in the mid
late 1800s when Japan came into the modern era. This, I believe, is before the
surnames BODOMO and NAKUMA were born as surnames in Africa. BODOMO and NAKUMA
may have existed as names-only not surnames before 1935 but they were never
spelled in Latin script (or Arabic script.) The single and singular names may
have been pronounced NUKUMA and BUDUMU for all we know.
If you can prove that NAKUMA and BODOMO as surnames predate their Philippine and Japanese surname counterparts, I will withdraw the item you mentioned and word it differently.
Can you trace how old the names BODOMO and NAKUMA as surnames are? Is it before 1900? The answer to this anecdotal and perhaps rhetorical question would add immensely to the knowledge of Genealogy giving us the beginnings of sub-Sahara surname history. The key lies in Professor Nakuma’s statement, “Memory constraints imposed by oral cultures, the extensive use of titles of relationship with no accompanying names, the confused looks of parents who are asked to provide a surname for their children seeking to register in school, etc., all point to the fact that Africa must have had an essentially monomial naming culture." In other words “No surnames.”…until formal schooling in 1935? - 1950? Who knows? Many sub-Sahara African countries still have high illiteracy today and seem to have people who remain without surnames as you Professor Adams B. Bodomo pointed out.
In Sierra Leone, Liberia, Angola and other countries in the sub-Sahara Africa extremely young children (a product of a high birth rate of teenagers and aids) have taken up arms in revolution after the dissolution of their families. What does that do to sub-Sahara Africa surnames and literacy today? The universal pattern is to send the young to war while “scholarly” elders watch. Did this chaos exist with pre-pubescent children as a persistent syndrome in sub-Sahara African countries previously with different catalysts? i.e. alcohol and drugs? We may never know.
You say, “We did indeed help out,” I must admit that you did. Both you and Professor NAKUMA ruled out the Africa connection by your lack of awareness of the surname QUIRINDONGO, KIRINDONGO and KIRING DONGO as place-names or names that existed prior to 1758, in the present or ever in sections of the sub-Sahara Africa you are familiar with. DONGO does exist in sub-Sahara Africa but the linkage to DONCKER in Curacao is too strong to dismiss. False cognates such as DONGO in sub-Sahara Africa can send the unscholarly in a bogus direction unnecessarily. The exclusion of the sub-Sahara Africa false cognate DONGO-NDONGOU-DONGOU sub-Sahara Africa connection versus the DONGO-DONCKER transformation in very early 1650 Curacao was firmly without equivocation corroborated in the Kikongo language later by:
Dr. Nkamany Kabamba [Alhadeff Victor]
Medical Doctor. Writer. Researcher in Development
”Knowledge and a Changing World”
Phone:(305) 271-5890
Fax: (305) 270-3719
E-mail: tshofa@hotmail.com
HOTEP”=”PEACE”=”SHALOM”=”MUDIANOO”
Web page www.kametrenaissance.com/Nkamany-Page12.html
For your help I thank both of you but I will not retract what I said then and now for I feel I am on solid ground and confusion did exist four to five yrs ago for the three (3) of us, me included. The confusion was evident when you couldn’t give a definitive answer for the sub-Sahara in toto and addressed only the Dagaaba of West Africa saying, “I am taking the liberty of putting you in touch with Professor Nakuma of Knoxville, Tennessee who has written a draft paper on names on the Dagaaba of West Africa. He raises the same issue of surnames that you allude to. According to him, the Dagaaba have only a one name system, which is probably another way to say that they did not have surnames. Personally, I am of the opinion that they do to some extent have surnames but they are not used as pervasively and copiously as in the Western world.”
I remain confused today as witnessed by the four (4) possibilities of surname origin cited below as well as by others in positions of “learned authority” (i.e. a museum) who irresponsibly and capriciously say my surname is from the sub-Sahara with no documentation, scholarly logic or theory. (see “fraudulent” below.)
It is difficult proving a negative especially when near to one (1) thousand dialects existed then and now in the sub-Sahara. Surprisingly no parallel evolution has been found for QUIRINDONGO, KIRINDONGO and KIRING DONGO while WANDONGO appears both in Curacao in the 1600s as a place-name and a combined name-surname for JUAN or JAN Doncker and today four (4) hundred yrs later as a sub-Sahara Tanzania false cognate surname in belated parallel evolution.
Since no remote ancient ancestry or parallel evolution has been found in sub-Sahara Africa prior to 1758 or ever in name, surname or place-name for my surname QUIRINDONGO, KIRINDONGO and KIRING DONGO therefore we must look elsewhere. Curacao and only Curacao is the sole area we keep coming back to again and again and where my surname can be said to originate.
Altho’ the surname
Quirindongo (1730) is in reality the second, a Spanish version - key rin(g) dun
go - it may not be the true phonetic sound of the original. KIRING DONGO (1758)
in PAPIAMENTO and may come closer in sound. Both people were interpreting a
papamiento vernacular with no written rules. Gurindongo (1816) is an
alternative to the Spanish ear that appears in 1816 or slightly
before. - goo rin(g) dun go...but goo is awkward in Spanish and
must be ruled out - I can’t recall a word with this sound at the moment… maybe
gusano.
When we see in the
same book CATALOGO DE ESTRANJEROS EN PUERTO RICO the spelling of “Geis” for
Hayes, we can see at what lengths the Spanish go to approximate the sound of
the surname.
We also must
consider that the majority of Whites were semi-illiterate or illiterate and ALL
Blacks were illiterate and all Blacks and Whites were in a foreign and hostile
environment being “ESTRANJEROS” and would not think of correcting a literate
man making an official entry even under the best of conditions.
Also we may assume
that most if not all the entries in the “catalogo” at that time prior to 1863
were White people or people who appeared so unless a description such as “negro
Olandes” (mulatto) or “oriundo de Africa” was added.
I also note in all archives that when a name
of a new world born slave was given then only the first name was used. This one
name custom continued even when freed in Curacao and other illiterate areas.
“El esclavo Jose or la esclava Maria” but when a freed Black were named in any
book archive before abolition in literate areas such as New England a surname
appeared (usually their master’s surname.)
“Jose Gonzales, un negro natural (born) de
esta isla”. I think this was done for a literate Black so that someone wouldn’t
enslave them anew because of their color thinking they were runaway slaves.
Black slaves recently arrived from Africa on the other hand were given 2 names
a “Christian” or easier to pronounce name in local vernacular (in French
-Maranthe, called Emerance Africaine) but addressed in their
African name (in this case Emerance - and also Tula, Carpata, etc.) or archived
as numbers. i.e.
16.-HARMAY o KARMAY, Miguel *. Natural de lrlanda: se establece en Puerto Rico al amparo de la Cedula de Gracias; obtiene carta de domicilio en julio de 1816; introduce dos esclavos y 11.500 pesos de capital A.G.1., Aud. Sto. Dgo., Leg. 2421
First names were
added by the masters or by the slave himself. TULA, the most famous slave of
Curacao comes to mind. In ROOTS the scenario of a master imposing a European
name and the slave enduring a whipping was completely erroneous as masters were
only interested in work produced, nothing more. Slaves were not the
individualists that are portrayed in ROOTS but people fearing for their lives
in a foreign land. They were allowed to keep their African names if they wanted
to do so. This a minor point which would not concern the master. Only in books
can a political statement add to drama to move the passions of the reader.
Reality is another matter far removed from the author’s pen. A slave name was
never an issue in the new world and least of all an exotic African name. We see
also no African surname in any matter in any country during the MIDDLE PASSAGE
yrs even in Brazil where the bulk (40-60%) of slaves were taken.
In the USA, only
in the “free” states did the Blacks of first generation who were very few in
number take surnames.
During the 18th
century, many of the Africans that arrived in Newport, Rhode Island as one of
America’s leading slave ports retained their African names and many customs for
at least one (1) generation. African names were blended with
European names i.e.
1. Cuffee Gibbs
2. Salmar Nubia
3. Zingo Stevens
4. John & Duchess Quamino
docsouth.unc.edu/neh/allinson/menu.html
May be false
phonetic cognate.
The “Inner
Reef Cayes”—including the Pelican Cayes, Quamino, Tarpon, Bakers Rendezvous, Lark, Moho and Laughing Bird Cayes
www.destinationsbelize.com/reef_mor.htm
December 29,
1778: Savannah fell to a British force of 2,000 soldiers under Col. Archibald
Campbell. Gen. Robert Howe and a force of 700 patriots had defended the road
into the city, but a black slave named Quamino Dolly led the British on a path through the
swamp so that they were able to surprise the Americans from the rear
www.hightowertrail.com/SeaTrad.html
www.eyesofglory.com/blkhist.htm
5. Occramar Marycoo (Newport Gardner)
“Marycoo” means homosexual in Spanish.
6. Cuffee Cockroach
7. Bristol Yamma (also means flame in
Spanish)
8. Newport Yamma
May be false
phonetic cognate.
GBARI (GBARI YAMMA,
GWARI YAMMA, WEST GWARI, NKWA) [GBY] 300,000 (1991 SIL). From Zungeru in Niger
State to the Kaduna River in the north, southeast through Minna and Paiko to a
little past Kwali in the Federal Capital Territory.
In 1780, the free
Africans of Newport formed the Free African Union Society to specially promote
their African culture and fund education for their children. This
would be the first self-help association in America. The records of
this society still exist. Please feel free to visit my web site at:
www.eyesofglory.com for more info!
Keith Stokes
Newport, Rhode
Island USA
Paul Cuffe
www.isomedia.com/homes/bhd2/paul_cuffe.htm
may be another
altho’ he was born free and lived in the USA in New England a
section that didn’t practice slavery. He and his family were slavers originally
becoming rich before becoming abolitionists and most important the surname
CUFFE, COFFEY, CUFFIE and other surname variations are popular in Ireland.
If there is an
African surname connection (which I doubt more and more as I research) it is in
the off handed use of Gurindongo (a possible error in script) in 1816, but that
seems misplaced because of the entry of Juan Pedro Quirindongo “reside en
Puerto Rico desde 1794.” And the use of African surnames was nil because Black
African surnames had yet to be instituted. Blacks did not include their African
names in their surnames when freed in slave new world territories AFTER THE
FIRST GENERATION. I made a search in the Curacao phonebook for TULA and
CARPATA, the famous slaves that led a rebellion in 1795. It shows that the
names as a surname did not survive. This is common and usual in all new world
slave countries. No African names survived in any form (name or surname) even
tho’ African names were used by the slaves especially in the first generation.
Tula and Carpata are prime examples.
Even in the
Haitian Slave Revolt of 1791, the Black leaders and the Black general
population took on French names and surnames.
But it was not too
late for an illiterate phenotypic “White” or near white quadroon man Juan Pedro
who wanted his surname pronounced and spelled correctly. Later in 1815 Juan
Pedro is listed by the surname Quirindongo o Gurindongo...mistake? perhaps not
and just a difficulty in PR translating the phonetic ARAWAK (no “k”) sound
spelling into Spanish. Remember also that Spanish script often confuses capital
G and capital Q.
I am looking for a
likely surname scenario not an unlikely anomaly in another country. In the USA
for instance, Black revisionists of history abound as in the case of the
MELUNGEONS.
appalachian_home.tripod.com/melungeon.htm
freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~gowenrf/article7.htm
www.eclectica.org/v5n3/hashaw.html
I have yet to see
a Black sub-sahara African surname at any time in history in the new world
BEFORE 1950. Remember European names for nations abound in Africa.
Nigeria (latin black - niger) Liberia (latin for free - liber) Sierra Leone
(portuguese for lion mountain) etc..
BLACK MUSLIM names and surnames did appear in the USA AFTER 1933. Arab Muslim sounding surname name changes appeared in profusion in the USA following the BLACK MUSLIM lead after 1950. Black sub-Sahara African surnames, on the other hand, appeared in the 70s and 80s in the USA. A change to both Black sub-Sahara Africa names and Black sub-Sahara Africa surnames never have become popular in the rest of the new world mainly because difficulties in mainstream archives researching their sub-Sahara Africa history. The ONLY reliable places sub-Sahara Africa Black slaves were archived is in Baptismal certificates before abolition and in land deals and Wills.
Since
there was no African or Amerindian script, the only History we can garner is
from the Spanish script in PR and later Curacao Dutch script records which may
contain biased inaccuracies.
Yours truly,
John Quirindongo
Curacao confusion but
in this case a cover-up by high officials and a museum.
/////////////////////////////////////
All false cognates
i.e. dongo in Swahili = soil, earth, clay no surname
false cognates
The surname dongo in Papiamento = doncker (only) no
word false cognates
The Kamusi Project English-Swahili
Dictionary. earth noun, dongo 5/6, pl madongo. ...http://research.yale.edu/swahili/serve_files/browse/e/E/a0.htm
- 83k - similar pages
http://www.christusrex.org/www1/pater/ethno/Zair.html
DONGO (DONGA) [DOO] 5,000 (1971 Welmers).
Haut-Zaïre Region, east of Watsa. Niger-Congo,
Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba,
Ngbaka-Mba, Mba. Different from Dongo which is a dialect of Kresh of Sudan,
Dong (Donga) of Nigeria which is in the Chamba group of Adamawa, and Ndo which
is Nilo-Saharan.
Survey needed.
A pair of false cognates consists of two words in different languages that appear to be or are sometimes considered cognates when they're really not. Note that there could be an indirect connection between them; however, only words sharing a common root can be considered real cognates.
/
The surname BARIEDONGO
appears in Curacao and Venezuela. Could this be Papiamento for BARRIO DONCKER?
Dongan hills in NYC is a variant of DONCKER.
YONKERS from the Dutch Van der Donck near NYC is
a similar sounding Dutch word
Dongo, AKA Paul van Dongen,
in Curacao
///////////////////////////
Papiamento as a pidgin Spanish language for ALL
seasons in Curacao invented by Jews
Because of
the lower educational level of the government and absence of schooling over
three (3) centuries in Curacao, the same bastardization of language from
Spanish to pidgin by illiterate people occurred in Curacao as it happened with
English in Jamaica only more so. The added introduction of a distinct lettering
of old Dutch to the Spanish pidgin vernacular quickly destroyed the written
Spanish root in 1634 in only one sense (the written Papiamento form) and gave
the impression of a new different dialect or language when seen in print by the
intelligentsia of Curacao. While Papiamento has always stayed akin to Spanish
phonetically, a new Germanic script Dutch element had been introduced. The
Curacao intelligentsia minority was unable and unwilling to change the
vernacular of Papiamento. The Spanish-Portuguese Jewish vernacular Papiamento
was used by a majority illiterate Black population. The ”hoi poloi” common
people promoted unopposed ethnocentrically a pseudo African element to explain
the un-Spanish look of the Dutch Papiamento script. This is similar to “old
Spanish” of the Sephardic Jews in the Middle East and America if we leave out
the Race and illiteracy issue who only know and use the phonetic vernacular of
their parents and promote a pseudo Hebraic element versus the current
standardized Spanish of Spain.
It also explains
the myriad of 1,000 dialects and languages in the sub-Sahara Africa because of
remoteness, primitive culture, the lack for eons of schooling, literacy and
standardization.
We can see that the recent forced introduction of
Papiamento unopposed ethnocentrically in public schools in 1996 has hurt the
general public higher education of Curacao when we point out the added
difficulty of learning yet other European languages or the attractive lure of
going abroad to get professional higher education in Dutch and English or for
that matter Spanish and be in a better position to research advanced scientific
writings.
History of Papiamento starts circa 1450
Before 1500
the Sephardic Portuguese Jews first used European Papiamento in the Slave trade in Africa
sub-Sahara Africa Slaves arrived in the New World
after 1500 with no standard language
sub-Sahara Africa Slaves contribute to music
with Guene pidgin
now extinct and Papiamento
1500 to present the Sephardic Jews continued using European
Papiamento
Before 1600
the Sephardic Portuguese-Spanish Jews used European Papiamento in Brazil and the Caribbean
Before 1700
the Sephardic and Ashkenazy Jews made Curacao its headquarters
sub-Sahara Africa Slaves
contribution to Papiamento vernacular is meager to non-existent
The oldest document
written in Papiamento is a letter from 1775, a message between two members of a Jewish merchant
family. In 1802 the British Governor Hughes in a report mentioned the language
abroad for the first time. In the 19th century (after over four (4) hundred
yrs) Papiamento was finally recognized. The first
Papiamento-Dutch dictionary (van Ewijk) a small large type very limited
vocabulary and few pages hard cover pocketbook appeared in 1875. It seemed to
be useful as a learning to read children’s book
File
Format:
PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML
... Portuguese pidgin is strikingly supported by a
little-known article by Martinus
(1989), documenting a moribund secret language in Curaçao called Guene ( Guinea ...
www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/8709/8709.ch2.pdf
-
JOURNAL OF PIDGIN AND CREOLE LANGUAGES - [ Translate this page ]
... Pidgin and creole languages: Essays in
memory of John E. Reinecke, ed. by Glenn
G. Gilbert, 361-405. ... 1988. Guene: The connection between
Papiamentu and Africa. ...
www.ling.ohio-state.edu/publications/
jpcl/online/snotes/sn18.htm - 19k -
SOCIETY FOR PIDGIN AND CREOLE LINGUISTICS
...
Papua New Guinea: A Comparative Study of Nigerian Pidgin and Tok Pisin" 15:00 Frank
Martinus (Kolegio Erasmo), "Unsolved Mysteries in Guene, Papiamentu, Sranan ...
www.fiu.edu/~creowksh/SPCL_
2002AnnualMeeting_San_Francisco.htm - 101k -
[PDF] REVIEW ARTICLE THE ART OF REMEMBERING:
THE LUMBAL ´ U OF PALENQUE ...
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
... similar to that of Lumbal´u
is that of the Guene songs of
Curac¸ao, in which words
which are conceivably African (and/or early Portuguese pidgin or creole ...
www.ingenta.com/isis/searching/Expand/ingenta?pub=infobike:/
/jbp/jpcl/2000/00000015/00000001/art00019 -
[PDF] Review of Am ica negra: Panor ica actual
de los estudios ling ...
File
Format:
PDF/Adobe Acrobat
... Guene contained some specific affinities with the West African
Portuguese creoles
which ... also calls attention
to remnants of an Afro- Portuguese pidgin
in the ...
www.ingenta.com/isis/searching/Expand/ingenta?pub=infobike:/
/jbp/jpcl/2000/00000015/00000002/art00006 -
No other variations of KIRINDONGO found originating from any other area but Curacao.
/////////////////////////////////
1785 - 1816 Mass exodus of (free) people (with money) from Curacao due to Slave Revolt, Politics, Economic downturn, Disease and weather. ---- “Chaos” Pg 277 and “Emigration” Pg 301 Emmanuel and Emmanuel JEWS OF THE NETHERLANDS ANTILLES CaribSeek Books | Economic Stagnation and Decline | Roots of our Future by Linda M. Rupert
//////////////////////////
A search produces no KIRINDONGO but hundreds of QUIRINDONGO proving
1.) QUIRINDONGO became literate before KIRINDONGO
2.) QUIRINDONGO existed before KIRINDONGO
3.) KIRING DONGO circa 1758 split surname predates ALL variations in script
4.) KIRING is Papiamento for unrecognized word perhaps meaning “oasis”
5.) DONGO is Papiamento for DONCKER
6.) that there are 40 DONCKER archived in the Netherlands Antilles 1650-1850
7.) QUIRINDONGO was born in PR 1780 but originated in Curacao
8.) KIRINDONGO area and surname circa 1800 is peculiar only to Curacao.
No other variations of KIRINDONGO found originating from any other area but Curacao.
////////////////////////////////////////////
daily visits
posted on monthly basis since Web Page inception on May 10th 2004
Click below
1.
THE CASE FOR SPANISH
ORIGIN…
2.
THE CASE FOR INDIGENOUS CURACAO
ORIGIN…
4.
THE CASE AGAINST AFRICAN ORIGIN
(whole or in part)…
Any combination of all 4 origins of KIRINDONGO in Spanish, Indigenous Amerindian, Dutch. (or African ?)
QUIRINDONGO KIRINDONGO GENEALOGY HOMEPAGE
