What is a learning disability?
According to the Learning Disability Association of America:
A learning disability is a neurological disorder that affects one or
more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using spoken or written language. The disability
may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell or to do mathematical calculations.
Every individual with a learning disability is unique and shows a different
combination and degree of difficulties. A common characteristic among people with learning disabilities is uneven areas of
ability, “a weakness within a sea of strengths.” For instance, a child with dyslexia who struggles with reading,
writing and spelling may be very capable in math and science.
Learning disabilities should not be confused with learning problems which
are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor handicaps; of mental retardation; of emotional disturbance; or of environmental,
cultural or economic disadvantages.
Generally speaking, people with learning disabilities are of average
or above average intelligence. There often appears to be a gap between the individual’s potential and actual achievement.
This is why learning disabilities are referred to as “hidden disabilities:” the person looks perfectly “normal”
and seems to be a very bright and intelligent person, yet may be unable to demonstrate the skill level expected from someone
of a similar age.
A learning disability cannot be cured or fixed; it is a lifelong challenge.
However, with appropriate support and intervention, people with learning disabilities can achieve success in school, at work,
in relationships, and in the community.
In Federal law, under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
(IDEA), the term is “specific learning disability,” one of 13 categories of disability under that law.
“Learning Disabilities” is an “umbrella” term
describing a number of other, more specific learning disabilities, such as dyslexia and dysgraphia.
